Table 3: ANOVA results of the groups on executive tasks.
Test | Source of Variance | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Multiple Comparisons |
Day and Night | Between Groups | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.13 | 1 ≈ 2 ≈ 3 | |
Within Groups | 85.07 | 39 | 2.18 | 0.917 | |||
Total | 89.07 | 41 | |||||
Luria’s Hand Game | Between Groups | 33.47 | 2 | 16.73 | 0.5 | 1 < 2 ≈ 3 | |
Within Groups | 39 | 39 | 1 | 16.738 | |||
Total | 72.47 | 41 | |||||
Digitspan Forward | Between Groups | 73.28 | 2 | 36.64 | 0 | 1 < 2 ≈ 3 | |
Within Groups | 107.21 | 39 | 2.74 | 13.329 | |||
Total | 180.5 | 41 | |||||
Digitspan Backwards | Between Groups | 69.33 | 2 | 34.66 | 0 | 3 > 1 ≈ 2 | |
Within Groups | 96.57 | 39 | 2.47 | 14 | |||
Total | 165.9 | 41 | |||||
Phonemic Fluency (/k/) | Between Groups | 71.47 | 2 | 35.73 | 12.795 | 0.5 | 1 < 2 ≈ 3 |
Within Groups | 108.92 | 39 | 2.79 | ||||
Total | 180.4 | 41 | |||||
Phonemic Fluency (/b/) | Between Groups | 28 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 1 < 2 ≈ 3 | |
Within Groups | 90.28 | 39 | 2.31 | 6.047 | |||
Total | 118.28 | 41 | |||||
Semantic Fluency (Animals) | Between Groups | 124.42 | 2 | 62.21 | |||
0 | 2 > 3 ≈ 2 | ||||||
Within Groups | 585.85 | 39 | 15.02 | 4.142 | |||
Total | 710.28 | 41 | |||||
Semantic Fluency (The Names of Girls/Boys) | Between Groups | 181 | 2 | 90.5 | |||
Within Groups | 298.07 | 39 | 7.64 | 11.841 | 0 | 2 > 1 ≈ 3 | |
Total | 479.07 | 41 |
1 = Children with SLI; 2 = Monolingual Turkish speaking children with typical development; 3 = Turkish-German bilingual children with typical development.