Table 1: Mean Values of Aerodynamic Parameters IPIPI (Voice Efficiency) for the Bilabial Stop Consonant /pi/, /phi/ and /p’i/ (N = 39).
Parameter (Units) |
pi Mean ± SD |
phi Mean ± SD |
p’i Mean ± SD |
Maximum flow rate (l/sec) |
0.709 ± 0.241 |
1.008 ± 0.359 |
0.367 ± 0.142 |
Volume (liter) |
0.349 ± 0.279 |
0.057 ± 0.0277 |
0.576 ± 3.521 |
Duration (sec) |
0.293 ± 0.094 |
0.311 ± 0.115 |
0.287 ± 0.083 |
Mean airflow rate (l/sec) |
0.125 ± 0.777 |
0.213 ± 0.139 |
0.046 ± 0.038 |
Maximum SPL (dB) |
60.585 ± 5.981 |
62.789 ± 5.438 |
61.108 ± 6.934 |
Mean SPL (dB) |
53.474 ± 3.084 |
54.99 ± 3.365 |
52.113 ± 3.228 |
Peak air pressure (cmH2O) |
8.528 ± 2.629 |
9.643 ± 2.951 |
8.402 ± 2.673 |
Mean air pressure (cmH2O) |
3.027 ± 1.315 |
3.591 ± 1.682 |
3.649 ±1.754 |
Mean power (Watt) |
0.038 ± 0.029 |
0.102 ± 0.177 |
0.015 ± 0.011 |
Mean efficiency (ppm) |
1.607 ± 1.565 |
1.340 ± 2.676 |
4.626 ± 10.386 |
Mean resistance *10-5 (Ns/m5) |
37.482 ± 35.378 |
22.534 ± 15.163 |
155.31 ± 172.075 |
Abbreviation: SD: standard deviation.