Table 1: Clinical features of CAE cases during commercial flights reported in scientific literature.
Year | Sex | Age (y) | Past medical history | Previous problems on board | Known thoracic lesions | Onset after takeoff (min) | Clinical symptoms | Thoracic findings | Neuroimaging | Other embolic phenomena | HBO | mRS |
1985 [5] | F | 19 | No | No | No | 10-15 | LOC | Bulla | Edema | No | No | 6 |
1998 [6] | F | 40 | No | No | Yes | 10 | Dyspnea, chest pain, LOC, seizures | Cyst | Edema, infarctions | Skin, CHD | No | 6 |
2004 [7] | M | 43 | Tobacco, asthma | No | No | 20 | Dyspnea, LOC, hemiparesis | Cyst | Normal | CHD | Yes | 0 |
2006 [8] | M | 71 | CHD, AF, APS, DVT | LOC | Yes | Shortly | Chest pain, headache, LOC | Cyst | Bubbles, edema | CHD | No | 6 |
2007 [9] | F | 62 | No | No | No | 20 | LOC, hemiparesis, seizures | Cyst | Bubbles, infarctions | CHD | No | 4 |
2009 [10] | M | 68 | No | Stroke | Yes | 30 | LOC | Cyst | Bubbles, edema, infarctions | No | Yes | 6 |
2010 [11] | F | 62 | No | No | No | 30 | LOC | Bulla | Bubbles, infarctions | No | No | 6 |
2011 [12] | F | 52 | No | Seizures | No | ? | Dyspnea, seizures, LOC | Cyst | Bubbles | CHD | Yes | 6 |
2013 [13] | F | 69 | No | No | No | Shortly | Aphasia, seizures | Cyst | Bubbles | CHD | Yes | 6 |
2013 [14] | M | 69 | COPD | No | No | Shortly | Dyspnea, LOC, seizures | Bulla | Bubbles, infarctions, edema | No | No | 6 |
2013 [15] | M | 67 | Lung cancer surgery | Syncope | Yes | 60 | LOC | Bulla | Infarctions | No | Yes | 3 |
2014 [16] | F | 61 | HTN, Ob, Hypercholesterolemia | No | No | 30 | LOC, hemiparesis | Cyst | Basal CT bubbles; MRI Infarctions | CHD | No | 6 |
2015 [17] | M | 58 | No | No | No | 20 | Hemiparesis, dyspnea, chest pain | Bulla, pneumo thorax | Basal CT bubbles; control MRI left MCA infarction | No | No | 2 |
2015 (A) | F | 62 | Tobacco, TIA | No | No | 60 | Dyspnea, LOC, seizures | Bulla | Bubbles | No | No | 0 |
2015 (B) | M | 47 | Tobacco, HTN, Ob, COPD | No | No | 120 | Dyspnea, LOC, seizures | Bullae | Bubbles, infarction, edema | No | No | 6 |
2015 (C) | M | 33 | No | Headache, chest pain, dyspnea | Yes | 60 | Dyspnea, headache, LOC, vision loss, seizures | Bulla, pneumo thorax | Basal CT normal; control CT diffuse edema, hypoperfusion | No | No | 2 |
2015 (D) | M | 45 | No | No | Yes | 120 | LOC, vision loss, hemiparesis | Bulla | Basal CT normal; control MRI multiple infarctions | CHD | No | 0 |
2015 (E) | M | 37 | No | No | No | Shortly | LOC, seizures, hemiparesis | Cyst | Basal CT normal; MRI left cerebellum infarction | No | No | 0 |