Table 2: Conclusions of lifestyle
intervention studies
Name of study |
Other Relevant
Findings |
Da Qing [8]
(20 yrs. follow
up) |
·
The
reduction in diabetes incidence seen during the 6-year period of active
intervention persisted for two decades. ·
Participants
with impaired glucose tolerance randomised to lifestyle intervention groups
had a 43% lower diabetes incidence for up to 14 years after the active
intervention ceased, and diabetes onset was delayed an average of 3.6 years. ·
The
risk of eventually developing diabetes in people with impaired glucose
tolerance in the absence of intervention remains high for many years, since 93%
of the controls developed diabetes over 20 years |
IDDP [12] |
·
The
rate of progression in the Indian subjects was much higher that other
populations in whom similar studies have been conducted. The rates in the
Indian population were found to be 18.3%/year as opposed to 6%/year in the
Finnish study. ·
Metformin
in doses as low as 500mg/day effectively reduced the progression of IGT to
Diabetes in Indian populations ·
In
Indian Populations effectiveness of LSM and metformin were found to be
similar whereas in all other populations LSM was found to be a superior
intervention |
|
·
50%
of the participants in the lifestyle intervention group achieved the goal of
weight loss of 7% or more by the end of the 24 weeks and 74% met the goal of
at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week. The daily energy intake
decreased by a mean of 249 ± 27 kcal in the placebo group, 296 ± 23 kcal in
the metformin group, and 450 ± 26 kcal in the lifestyle-intervention group (P
< 0.001). ·
The
participants assigned to the lifestyle intervention had much greater weight
loss and a greater increase in leisure physical activity than did
participants assigned to receive metformin or placebo. The average weight
loss was 0.1, 2.1, and 5.6 kg in the placebo, metformin, and
lifestyle-intervention groups, respectively (P < 0.001). ·
The
effects of reduction in the incidence of diabetes were similar in men and
women and in all racial and ethnic groups. The intensive lifestyle
intervention was at least as effective in older participants as it was in
younger participants. ·
These
findings suggest that dietary composition and physical activity are important
in diabetes prevention, but their effect on diabetes risk is primarily
mediated through resulting weight reduction [23]. |
|
·
The
mean (± SD) amount of weight lost between base line and the end of year 1 was
4.2 ± 5.1 kg in the intervention group and 0.8 ± 3.7 kg in the control group;
the net loss by the end of year 2 was 3.5 ± 5.5 kg in the intervention group
and 0.8 ± 4.4 kg in the control group. ·
Weight
change was significantly associated with the achievement of each of the four
lifestyle goals, consequently, success score was strongly and inversely
correlated with weight reduction [24]. |
Swedish Malmo Feasibility Study [13,21] |
·
There
was significant weight loss in the intervention group: body weight was
reduced by 2.3-3.7%. Weight increased in the reference group by 0.5-1.7% (p
˂ 0.0001). ·
In
˃ 50% of the participants’ glucose tolerance was normalized. ·
At
the end of the study, (95% CI 0.3-1.0). ·
In
the intervention group, after completing the trial, blood pressure, lipids,
and hyperinsulinaemia were reduced. ·
More
than 50% of the diabetic patients were in remission at 6-year follow-up. |