Table 1: Patients’ characteristics: anthropometry and laboratory
tests.
|
Baseline |
4 weeks |
8 weeks |
12 weeks |
|||
Age
(yrs) |
65.0
± 11.9 |
|
|||||
Males/Females |
12/5 |
|
|||||
Duration
of diabetes (yrs) |
10.0
± 4.4 |
|
|||||
Insulin
(No. of patients) Antidiabetes drugs (No.) |
4 |
|
|||||
3.0
± 0.5 |
|
||||||
Dose
of glimepiride (mg/day) |
1.0
± 0.5 |
0.5
± 0.3 |
|||||
Other
antidiabetes drugs |
Insulin |
4 |
|||||
DPP4-I |
10 |
||||||
Metformin |
14 |
||||||
Thiazolidine |
12 |
||||||
αGI |
1 |
||||||
BMI
(kg/m2) |
28.0
± 2.9 |
27.8
± 3.0 |
27.4
± 3.1 |
27.4
± 3.1* |
|||
SBP
(mmHg) |
135
± 14 |
133
± 11 |
130
± 9 |
125
± 11* |
|||
DBP
(mmHg) |
77
± 8 |
78
± 9 |
75
± 7* |
77
± 9 |
|||
HR
(bpm) |
80
± 5 |
83
± 10 |
79
± 7 |
79
± 12 |
|||
HbA1c
(%: mmol/mol) |
7.3
± 0.3: 56 |
7.3
± 0.3: 56* |
7.1
± 0.2: 53* |
7.1
± 0.4: 53* |
|||
Fasting
plasma glucose (mg/dl) |
136.0
± 21.6 |
115.0
± 19.5 |
123.0
± 17.6 |
121.0
± 18.4 |
|||
Glycoalbumin (%) |
20.0
± 2.3 |
17.6
± 2.2* |
18.2
± 2.0* |
19.4
± 2.4 |
|||
Duration
of measurement (days) |
3.3
± 1.4 |
|
|
4.5
± 1.5 |
|||
Average
blood glucose (mg/dl) |
156.8
± 23.5 |
|
|
129.4
± 10.4# |
|||
SD
(mg/dl) |
45.7
± 12.6 |
|
|
32.4
± 9.0 |
|||
MAGE
(mg/dl) |
96.5
± 30.6 |
|
|
73.4
± 18.9 |
|||
M
value (mg/dl) |
162.4
± 87.2 |
|
|
51.0
± 34.8 |
|||
MODD
(mg/dl) |
36.0
± 10.3 |
|
|
26.9
± 8.6 |
|||
HOMA-R
(n = 13) |
3.0
± 0.8 |
1.6
± 0.7* |
2.2
± 0.6 |
2.1
± 1.4 |
|||
HOMA-β
(n = 13) |
52.2
± 20.0 |
43.9
± 21.3 |
39.7
± 15.0 |
51.1
± 20.0 |
|||
fasting
C-peptide index |
2.0
± 0.5 |
1.8
± 0.7 |
1.6
± 0.6 |
1.5
± 0.6 |
|||
Ht (%) |
42.2
± 3.1 |
43.1
± 2.9 |
43.2
± 3.5 |
43.8
± 2.9 |
|||
Uric
acid (mg/dl) |
5.3
± 0.8 |
4.8
± 0.7※ |
5.2
± 0.8 |
4.8
± 0.6* |
|||
Cre (mg/dl) |
0.80
± 0.16 |
0.86
± 0.08 |
0.80
± 0.12 |
0.87
± 0.14 |
|||
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) |
73
± 12 |
71
± 9 |
72
± 11 |
68
± 10 |
|||
TG
(mg/dl) |
94
± 64 |
99
± 66 |
94
± 60 |
82
± 42 |
|||
LDL-C
(mg/dl) |
116
± 10 |
100
± 19 |
112
± 15 |
108
± 15 |
|||
HDL-C
(mg/dl) |
53
± 10 |
47
± 10 |
52
± 8 |
56
± 11 |
|||
Urine
Alb (mg/gCr) |
16
± 40 |
12
± 17 |
10
± 15 |
7
± 14 |
|||
CRP
(mg/dl) |
0.12
± 0.07 |
0.17
± 0.09 |
0.10
± 0.08 |
0.08
± 0.07 |
|||
FFA
(mEq/l) |
505
± 147 |
625
± 154* |
562
± 212 |
760
± 177* |
|||
Serum
total ketone bodies (μmol/l) |
61
± 47 |
162
± 140* |
94
± 79 |
126
± 105 |
|||
|
*P values (Dunn
test) vs. baseline: #P values (Wilcoxon
test) vs. baseline
Abbreviations: DPP4-I: DPP4 Inhibitor; α-GI:
α-Glucosidase Inhibitor; BMI: Body Mass Index;
SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; HR: Heart Rate;
SD: Standard Deviation; MAGE: Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions; MODD: Mean
of the Daily Difference; HOMA: Homeostasis Model Assessment; Ht: Hematocrit; Cre: Creatinine; eGFR: estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; TG:
Triglyceride; LDL-C: Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HDL-C: High Density
Lipoprotein Cholesterol; FFA: Free Fatty
Acid