Author;
No. of patients
|
Design; Duration,
Intervention
|
Outcomes |
Results |
Brown et al. (2002) [66]
n=17
|
OL, Add-on QUE
12 weeks
BD + COD
QUE (mean dosage 229.4 mg/d)
|
Psychopathology (HDRS, YMRS, BPRS)
Cocaine Craving (CQC)
Cocaine use (UTS)
|
Significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms (p< 0.01) and cocaine craving (p=0.05). No significant changes in cocaine use |
Weisman (2003) [57]
n=1
|
CR
1 year
SCH + AA and COA
QUE (400 mg/d)
|
Psychopathology
Social functioning
Alcohol and cocaine use
|
Reduction of psychopathology and improvement of social functioning. Reduction in alcohol and cocaine use |
Brown et al. (2003) [58]
n=24
|
OL, Pros, RCT, switch study
12 weeks
PSY (9 with SCH or SAD) + SUD
Cocaine (69%), Amphetamine (14%)
Non-TAP (n=12), QUE (mean dose 394 mg/d) (n=8/12) or TAP (n=12)
|
Psychopathology (HDRS, BPRS)
Cocaine craving (CQC)
Cocaine or amphetamines use
(self-reported money spent on substance use, UTS)
|
After discontinuing TAP and switching to QUE there was a significant improvement in psychopathology (p< 0.05) and a significant craving reduction (p< 0.01), with no significant differences in the amount of drug use |
Longoria et al. (2004) [61]
n=17
|
OL, add-on study
12 weeks
BD + COD
QUE (mean dosage 239 mg/d)
|
Psychiatric symptoms
(YMRS, HDRS, BPRS)
Alcohol use (alcohol drinks/week, days/week of alcohol use)
Alcohol craving (VAS)
|
QUE was associated with significant reductions in craving (p=0.02), days/week of alcohol use (p=0.04) and psychiatric symptoms (p< 0.01). Depressive symptoms significantly correlated with craving (p=0.029) |
Potvin et al. (2004) [65]
n=8
|
OL study
6 months
SCH (n=4) or BD (n=4) + CAD
QUE (dosage N.S.)
|
Cannabis use |
Weekly cannabis use was reduced in 97.3% at the end of the study |
Potvin et al. (2006) [59]
n=34
|
OL study
12 weeks
SSD + SUD
Cannabis (n=15), alcohol (n=10), other psychoactive substances (n=9)
QUE (200-800 mg/d)
|
Drug Use (TLFB, UTS, GGT)
Severity of drug use (AUS, DUS)
Carving (VAS, PACS)
Psychiatric and depressive symptoms (PANSS, CDSS)
Cognition (CANTAB)
|
Overall, severity of SUD improved (p< 0.05), fewer days/week were spent on SUD. Money/week spent on alcohol significantly diminished (p< 0.05), but money/week spent on cannabis did not diminished significantly. Craving for alcohol did not improve significantly, but craving for cannabis significantly diminished (p< 0.05)
There were significant improvements in psychopathology (p< 0.01) and cognition (p< 0.05)
|
Potvin et al. (2008) [60]
n=24
|
Peripheral ECB |
No significant changes in ECB levels were observed during QUE treatment |
Brown et al. (2008) [63]
n=115
|
Pros, R, PC, Add-on study
12 weeks
BD outpatients + AA or AD
QUE (up to 600 mg/d) or PLA
|
Psychiatric symptoms (YMRS, HDRS)
Alcohol use
|
HDRS scores decreased significantly more in the QUE group compared to the PLA group (p< 0.05). No significant differences were found in the decrease of the YMRS scores and in alcohol use |
Martinotti et al. (2008) [62]
n=28
|
OL, FD study
16 weeks
Recently detoxified BD (n=16) and SAD (n=2) + AD
QUE (300-800 mg/d)
|
Relapse rate (number of drinking days)
Craving (OCDS, VAS)
Psychopathology (BPRS, HDRS, YMRS, CGI)
|
42.8% of patients remained alcohol free at the end of the study. 32.1% relapsed. Significant reductions from baseline to exit were observed in craving (p< 0.005), psychopathology (p< 0.0001) and number of drinking days/week (p=0.005) |
Steadman et al. (2010) [64]
n=176
|
MC, DB, RPCT
12 weeks
Outpatient BD + AD
Treatment with LIT (n=185) or VAL (n=177) + QUE (300-800 mg/d) (n=159) or PLA (n=169)
|
Change in the proportion of heavy drinking days (TLFB)
Psychopathology (CGI, HARS)
|
No significant differences in the proportion of heavy drinking days between QUE and PLA. No significant differences in improvement in psychopathology |
Zhornitsky et al. (2011) [67] |
CC study
12 weeks
DD (n=26), SCH without SUD (n=23), SUD without SCH (n=24)
QUE (mean dosages in the three groups: 554, 478 and 150 mg/d, respectively)
|
Neurological and psychiatric symptoms (PANSS, ESRS, BAS)
Substance use (TLFB, UTS)
|
DD and SCH patients were receiving significantly higher doses of QUE (p=0.0001). DD patients had significantly higher parkinsonism (p=0.02) and depression (p=0.005). DD patients had significantly higher SUD severity compared to SUD patients (p<0.001) |