Table 1: Radiation protection efforts to limit exposure to scattered radiation are viewed from the analysis point of view of the room.
Researcher |
Protection Effort |
Source Radiation |
Proof Effectiveness Protection |
Conclusion |
Arizal, et al., 2017 [9] |
Distance and voltage source radiation |
Aircraft Medical mobile X-ray general |
Radiation dose value is affected by distance, voltage |
The results of the largest radiation dose rate on wall A with a voltage of 60 kV and a distance of 160 cm. This can be caused by high voltage and close proximity to the radiation source. |
Rahmayani, et al., 2020 [1] |
Distance, position, tension, and thickness shield. |
Aircraft Medical X- Rays general |
The radiation dose value is influenced by distance, direction and stress, as well as wall thickness. |
The largest radiation dose is on the right side of the plane with a distance of 1 m and a voltage of 60 kV. Radiation retaining walls absorb radiation doses very well so that the dose rate is not detectable outside the room. |
Tulfala & Kasman , 2020 [4] |
Distance and altitude with analysis contour isodose |
Aircraft TOSHIBA brand X-ray model E7242X SN 14A927 medicine general |
Increasing altitude and distance can reduce the rate of radiation dose exposure |
At an altitude of 1,613 m, the radiation dose rate is smaller than the height of 1,113 m and radiation officers will be safer if they are at a distance of more than 3 meters from the radiation source. |
Astuti, et al., 2018 [2] |
Distance, position and voltage |
CT scan |
The further distance and position will reduce the radiation dose |
The largest radiation dose on the front side is 1.43 nSv/h with a voltage of 135 kV and a distance of 0 m. |
Putri and Sudiyono, 2018 [18] |
Distance and restraint radiation |
CT Scan |
Distance and radiation barrier can affect the absorbed radiation dose |
The highest radiation leakage is at point A, which is a glass made of lead in the operator's room at 29.5 Sv/hour. |
Rochmayanti D, et al., 2018 [19] |
Effectiveness Wall retaining and installation signs warning radiation |
Aircraft Medical X- Rays general |
The greater the effectiveness of the retaining wall, the smaller the leakage
Radiation danger signs make people more careful |
The effectiveness of the entire retaining wall is 99%, but there is one retainer which results in 91%, namely the Pb glass frame at the Mental Hospital (RSJ).
Radiation danger signs installed include radiation danger signs/logos, red lights during X-ray examinations and radiation warnings for pregnant women. |
Hasmawati, et al., 2016 [20] |
Distance altitude, position, tension |
Aircraft Medical X- Rays general |
The radiation dose value is influenced by distance, position and voltage. |
The largest radiation dose rate is on the left side of the aircraft, which is 3600 Sv/h |
Ancila C & Hidayanto E, 2016 [11] |
Distance |
Dental Panoramic |
The farther the distance from the radiation source, the smaller the measured radiation dose |
Radiation exposure in the operator's office is 0.583 mR/h or 5.83 Sv/h.
X-ray radiation was not detected in the employee corridor during exposure.
Radiation exposure in the waiting room is 0.24 mR/h or 2.4 Sv/h |
Sutejo R & Daryati S, 2016 [13] |
Design room and thickness Wall shield |
Aircraft panoramic medical tooth |
The thicker or denser the radiation shield structure, the less radiation that can pass through the screen |
The walls are made of red brick with ceramic thickness of 30 cm in accordance with the provisions of PERMENKES.No.1014.MENKES/SK/XI/2008 regarding the requirements for examination rooms. |
Anugrah NA, et al., 2018 |
Distance and voltage |
Medical Barracuda X-ray multimeter general |
The radiation dose value is influenced by distance and voltage. |
The point/safe distance from the radiation source by a radiation officer and the general public is 5 m from the radiation source. |