Table 1: Select risk factors for MRSA and Pseudomonas in community-onset pneumonia.
Organism | Risk Factor | Evidence Summary |
MRSA | Hemodialysis | Observational cohort (prospective): Identification of dialysis during the preceding 30 days as a risk factor for MRSA among CAP/HCAP patients [11] |
Prior influenza | Observational cohort and case-series (retrospective): Influenza association with subsequent MRSA pneumonia [12-14] | |
Illicit drug use | Observational cohort and a case-control study (retrospective): identification of illicit drug use as a risk factor associated with MRSA [15,16] | |
COPD | Observational cohort and case-control study (retrospective): COPD identified as a risk factor for MRSA pneumonia [15,17] | |
Prior antibiotic therapy | Observational cohorts and a case-control study (prospective and retrospective): antibiotic exposure within 90 days of pneumonia occurrence associated with MRSA pneumonia [11,15,17] | |
Prior hospitalization | Observational cohort (prospective): identification of hospitalization for two days or more during the preceding 90 days as a risk factor for MRSA among CAP/HCAP patients [11,15] | |
Pseudomonas | COPD/structural lung disease | Observational cohorts (prospective and retrospective): COPD and structural lung disease associated with Pseudomonas pneumonia [17,18] |
Prior antibiotic therapy | Observational cohort (retrospective): antibiotic exposure within 90 days of pneumonia occurrence associated with Pseudomonas pneumonia [17] | |
Prior hospitalization | Observational cohort (prospective): identification of hospitalization for two days or more during the preceding 90 days as a risk factor for Pseudomonas pneumonia [17,18] |
*MRSA infection not limited to pneumonia.