Table 2: Applications of iNeurons
in disease modeling and drug discovery
Type of iNeurons |
Disease features |
Cell origin |
Reprogramming factors |
Diseases model |
Ref. |
DAs |
Progressive
degeneration and death of dopaminergic neuron (DA) in the substantia niagra
region of the midbrain. |
MEFs/HFFs |
Ascl1, Nurr1, Lmx |
Parkinson's disease |
[129] |
HFFs |
Ascl1, Brn2, Myt |
Parkinson's disease |
[115] |
||
HFFs |
Ascl1, Ngn2, Sox2, Nurr1, Pitx3 |
Parkinson's disease |
[130] |
||
MNs |
Progressive
degeneration and death of motor
neuron (MN) in
the cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. |
HEFs |
Ascl1, Brn2, Myt |
ALS/SMA |
[131] |
Patient-derived
GAs |
Genetic
mutation of SCN |
Fibroblasts |
Ascl1, Brn2, Myt |
Dravet syndrome |
[132] |
RGC |
Accelerated
death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) leads to progressive visual field loss
and eventual blindness. |
MEFs |
Ascl1, Brn3b, Ngn2 |
Glaucoma |
[133] |
iNeurons with MAPT mutation |
Cause
behavioural and executive impairement. |
Human skin fibroblasts |
Ascl1, Brn2, Myt |
Frontotemporal
lobar degeneration |
[134] |
iNeurons with CACNA |
Cause social
interaction, communication and behavioural impairement. |
Human dermal fibroblasts |
Ascl1, Pou |
Autism spectrum disorder |
[135] |
iNeurons with abnormal amyloid-β peptide
production |
Aggregation and accumulation of
amyloid-β peptide, which is forming amyloid plaques in the brain. |
Human foreskin/skin fibroblasts |
VPA, CHIR, Repsox,
Forskolin, SP600125, GO6983, Y-27632, Dorsomorphin |
Alzheimer’s disease |
[118] |
Abbreviations: MEFs,
mouse embryo fibroblasts; HFFs, human foreskin fibroblasts |