Table 1: Clinical Trials of Stem Cells in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

Sample Size

Cell Type

Study Design

Delivery Route

Outcome

Ref

Acute Myocardial Infarction/Heart Failure

0

Autologous mononuclear bone marrow  cells

Catheter placed into the infarct-related artery

Intracoronary transplantation

myocardial regeneration and neovascularisation

[87]

69

Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell

 

Intracoronary injection

Improvement in left ventricular  function

[88]

18

Autologous mononuclear bone marrow  cells

 

Intracoronary transplantation

Functional and metabolic regeneration of infracted and chronically vital tissue

[89]

25

BM-MNC

 

Intramyocardial Injection

Sustained beneficial effect on anginal symptoms, myocardial perfusion, and left ventricular function

[90]

46

Autologous of BMCs

 

Intracoronary transplantation

Improves heart rate  variability

[91]

15

Autologous Bone Marrow mononuclear cells

 

Injection into the infarction border zone

Decrease in heart failure symptoms and an improved left ventricular (LV) function.

[93]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sample Size

Cell Type

Study Design

Delivery Route

Outcome

Ref

Acute Myocardial Infarction/Heart Failure

5

Autologous bone marrow derived MSC

 

Intracoronary transplantation

Slight improvement in myocardial function in 3 patients

[92]

32

Administration of BMCs

 

Intracoronary infusion

No change in LV ejection fraction could be demonstrated after repeated

[104]

30

Autologous bone marrow cells

 

Direct intramyocardial injection

Improvement in symptoms achieved in approximately 50% of patients

[94]

30

Autologous mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) and (BMCs)

Randomized, double-blind

Intramyocardial Injection

Safety and efficacy (determined primarily by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging)

[105]

53

Bone marrow-derived allogeneic hMSCs

 

 

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study

Intravenous  injection

 

 

Intravenous allogeneic hMSCs are safe in patients after acute MI

 

[106]

20

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (ABMMNC)

randomized study

 

transendocardial injection

 

ABMMNC therapy is safe and improves symptoms, quality of life in patients with chronic HF

[107]

17

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have been used to treat

Randomized

Intracoronary route

The left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and wall motion score index (WMSI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LVESV, and WMSI were significantly reduced in BMSC group

[108]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sample Size

Cell Type

Study Design

Delivery Route

Outcome

Ref

Peripheral arterial disease

45

Bone marrow-mononuclear cells

 

Injection into the gastrocnemius of the ischaemic limb

Significantly improved in legs

[97]

7

Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell

 

Transplantation

Improvement in endothelial dysfunction

[98]

28

G-CSF with  mobilized PBMNCs

Randomized study

Subcutaneous injections of diabetic patients

Lower limb pain and ulcers were significantly improved

[109]

1

Bone marrow mononuclear cells

 

Intramuscular and intraarterial injection

Improvement chronic limb ischemia attributed to increased neo angiogenesis

[110]

7

Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell

 

Transplantation

Improvement in endothelial dysfunction

[98]

28

G-CSF with  mobilized PBMNCs

Randomized study

Subcutaneous injections of diabetic patients

Lower limb pain and ulcers were significantly improved

[109]

1

Bone marrow mononuclear cells

 

Intramuscular, intraarterial injection

Improvement chronic limb ischemia attributed to increased neo angiogenesis

[110]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sample Size

Cell Type

Study Design

Delivery Route

Outcome

Ref

Peripheral arterial disease

12

Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell

 

Transplantation

Significant improvements in rest pain and pain-free walking time

[99]

140

BMCs with  mobilized PBMNCs

Randomized study

Transplantation in the  ischemic necrosis

Significant improvement, reduction in edema and increased colaateral vessels formation

[111]

32

Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell

 

Intraarterial and intramuscular injection

Significant improvement in the lower limb ischemia

[112]

184

Bone marrow mononuclear cells

 

local injections

Significantly enhanced endothelial colony-forming cell  adhesion

[113]

40

Autologous (BM-MNC)

Randomized study

Injection

Accelerates wound healing

[101]

527

Autologous (BM-MNC)

Randomized study

Injection

Significant improvement in the amputation rate, ulcer healing,

[114]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sample Size

Cell Type

Study Design

Delivery Route

Outcome

Ref

Patient with Breast cancer

30

HGigh dose- (HDCT) with  (PBPCT)

 

 

Immune function improved with a statistically significant increase of lymphocyte count

[105]

 

Bone-marrow derived stem and progenitor cells 

Randomized, double-blind studies

 

Improvement of ankle-brachial index (ABI), reduction of pain, and decreased need for amputation

[102]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abbreviations: BMCs: Mononuclear bone marrow cells, G-CS: Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor, PBMNCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, BM-MNC: Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, HDCT: Chemotherapy, PBPCT: Peripheral progenitor cell transplantation