Table 1: Summary of fetal progenitors, adult active and reserve
stem cells markers and characteristics in small intestine and stomach.
Small Intestine |
|||||
Cell type |
Location |
Signaling pathways
involved |
Marker |
Full name |
Ref. |
CBC Active ASC |
Bottom crypts between Paneth cells (position +1-4) |
Canonical Wnt (ON), EGF (ON), BMP (OFF), Notch (ON), Insulin/IGF1
(ON) |
Lgr5/GPR49 |
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled
receptor 5 |
|
|
|
|
Ascl2 |
Achaete-Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 2 |
|
|
|
|
Smoc2 |
SPARC Related Modular Calcium Binding 2 |
|
|
|
|
Olfm4 |
Olfactomedin 4 |
|
|
|
|
Tnfrsf19 |
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 19 |
|
|
|
|
Sox9Low |
SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 9 |
[4] |
|
|
|
MsiLow |
Musashi RNA-binding protein 1 |
[5] |
LRC Reserve ASC |
Crypts above Paneth cells (position +4) |
Canonical Wnt (OFF), EGF (ON), BMP (ON), Notch (ON), PTEN (ON), Insulin/IGF1 (OFF) |
Bmi |
Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene |
|
|
|
|
Hopx |
HOP homeobox |
[8] |
|
|
|
Tert |
Telomerase reverse transcriptase |
[7] |
|
|
|
Lrig1 |
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 |
[9] |
|
|
|
Sox9High |
SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 9 |
|
|
|
|
Msi1High |
Musashi RNA-binding protein 1 |
[5] |
Fetal progenitor |
E14-P0 epithelium |
Canonical Wnt (OFF), non-Canonical Wnt (ON), EGF (ON),
BMP (OFF), Notch (ON), Areg/Ereg (ON) |
Trop2/ Tacstd2 |
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 |
[27] |
Stomach |
|||||
Cell type |
Location |
Signaling pathways
involved |
Marker |
Full name |
Ref. |
Active ASC |
Bottom antral glands (position +1-4) |
Canonical Wnt (ON), EGF (ON), BMP (OFF), FGF (ON), Notch (ON), Gastrin (ON) |
Lgr5/ GPR49 |
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled
receptor 5 |
[13] |
Active Stem/ Progenitor cell |
Corpus glands (isthmus) |
Not studied |
TFF2 |
Trefoil factor 2 |
[12] |
ASC |
Corpus and antral glands |
Not studied |
Sox2 |
SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 |
[17] |
Active progenitor cell |
Antral glands (position +2-6) |
Canonical Wnt (OFF), progastrin (ON) |
Cck2r |
Cholecystokinin B receptor |
|
Dormant reserve cells |
Antral glands |
INFgamma |
Vil1 |
Villin 1 |
[46] |
Fetal progenitor Adult regeneration |
Adult epithelium |
Canonical Wnt (OFF), Areg/Ereg (ON), Notch (ON) |
Trop2/ Tacstd2 |
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 |
[16] |
ASC: Adult stem cells; CBC: Crypt base columnar cells;
LRC: Label retaining cells; Areg: Amphiregulin; BMP: Bone morphogenetic
proteins; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; Ereg: Epiregulin; FGF: Fibroblast
growth factor; IFN: Interferon; IGF: Insulin growth factor; E14: Murine
embryonic stage day 14; P0: Mice birth