Table 1: Study Articles.

Characteristics

Ostojic, et al. 2021

Seper, et al. 2021

Smolarek, et al. 2020

Study Title

Dietary creatine and cognitive function in U.S. adults aged 60 years and over

Guanidinoacetate-Creatine Supplementation Improves Functional Performance and Muscle and Brain Bioenergetics in the Elderly: A Pilot Study

Effect of 16 Weeks of Strength Training and Creatine Supplementation on Strength and Cognition in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Participants (Test subjects with relevant variables)

NHANES 2001–2002 round included a total of 1340 older adults (51.8% women; age 71.4 ± 7.8 years) 

Twenty-one healthy elderly individuals (age 69.6 ± 4.9 years, body mass index 27.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2; 13 women)

26 adults over 60 yrs old (5 male

and 21 female) who were randomly assigned to the Control Group

(CG, n = 13)

 

Inclusion / Exclusion Criteria

NHANES 2001–2002 round included a total of 1340 older adults (51.8% women; age 71.4 ± 7.8 years) who provided valid dietary information and cognitive testing measures.

Twenty-one healthy elderly individuals (age 69.6 ± 4.9 years, body mass index 27.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2 ; 13 women)

The study included 26 adults over 60 yrs of age (mean ± SD, 68.9 ± 6.8) residing in a longterm care center for the elderly. Only older people with full physical and mental capacities were part of the study

Outcome Measures

WAIS III Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS)

The primary outcome (brain creatine levels) and secondary outcomes (muscle creatine levels, cognitive performance, sarcopenia quality-of-life score, functional mobility, and safety biomarkers) were assessed at baseline (pre-intervention) and 8-week follow-up. Cognitive function was determined via Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

 

Handgrip strength using dynamometer and cognitive capacity with the  cognitively using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

Results

Creatine from food may help cognitive performance in the 60+ cohort

No differences were found between interventions for MoCAscores.

Positive MoCA changes were noted between he creatine croup and the control group.

Evidence Quality Score

PEDro Score = 9 Strong

 

PEDro Score = 9 Strong

 

PEDro Score = 6 Strong

 

Supportive Answer

Yes 1B

Yes 1B

Yes 1B