Table 1: Study Articles.
Characteristics |
Ostojic, et al. 2021 |
Seper, et al. 2021 |
Smolarek, et al. 2020 |
Study Title |
Dietary creatine and cognitive function in U.S. adults aged 60 years and over |
Guanidinoacetate-Creatine Supplementation Improves Functional Performance and Muscle and Brain Bioenergetics in the Elderly: A Pilot Study |
Effect of 16 Weeks of Strength Training and Creatine Supplementation on Strength and Cognition in Older Adults: A Pilot Study |
Participants (Test subjects with relevant variables) |
NHANES 2001–2002 round included a total of 1340 older adults (51.8% women; age 71.4 ± 7.8 years) |
Twenty-one healthy elderly individuals (age 69.6 ± 4.9 years, body mass index 27.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2; 13 women) |
26 adults over 60 yrs old (5 male and 21 female) who were randomly assigned to the Control Group (CG, n = 13)
|
Inclusion / Exclusion Criteria |
NHANES 2001–2002 round included a total of 1340 older adults (51.8% women; age 71.4 ± 7.8 years) who provided valid dietary information and cognitive testing measures. |
Twenty-one healthy elderly individuals (age 69.6 ± 4.9 years, body mass index 27.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2 ; 13 women) |
The study included 26 adults over 60 yrs of age (mean ± SD, 68.9 ± 6.8) residing in a longterm care center for the elderly. Only older people with full physical and mental capacities were part of the study |
Outcome Measures |
WAIS III Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS) |
The primary outcome (brain creatine levels) and secondary outcomes (muscle creatine levels, cognitive performance, sarcopenia quality-of-life score, functional mobility, and safety biomarkers) were assessed at baseline (pre-intervention) and 8-week follow-up. Cognitive function was determined via Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
|
Handgrip strength using dynamometer and cognitive capacity with the cognitively using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). |
Results |
Creatine from food may help cognitive performance in the 60+ cohort |
No differences were found between interventions for MoCAscores. |
Positive MoCA changes were noted between he creatine croup and the control group. |
Evidence Quality Score |
PEDro Score = 9 Strong
|
PEDro Score = 9 Strong
|
PEDro Score = 6 Strong
|
Supportive Answer |
Yes 1B |
Yes 1B |
Yes 1B |