Table 2: Literature review of polyarteritis nodosa and tongue necrosis in pediatrics.

Ref Age/Sex Features Laboratory Studies Pathology Angiography Treatment
Current Case 6 yr/F Fever, arthralgias, ulcers, skin nodules, tongue necrosis Leukocytosis, elevated ESR/CRP, + ASO and anti-DNase B titers Fibrinoid necrosis and necrotizing vasculitis Abnormal renal artery High IV steroids followed by pulse cyclophosphamide and tapered steroids; ACE inhibitor
3 11 yr/F Fever, tongue pain, pain with mastication Elevated ESR and CRP; ASO titer: 1,603 U/ml Fibrinoid necrosis [3] Unremarkable IV steroids 30 mg/kg, pulse cyclophosphamide
30 7 yr/M Fatigue, fever, oral blisters, painful tongue, arthralgias Leukocytosis, elevated ESR and CRP; antiDNAse titer 3200 U/ml Tongue biopsy: fibrinoid vessel necrosis, eosinophilia [6] NR Prednisolone 2 mg/kg with slow taper after 4 months [6]

REFP: Reference, M: Male, F: Female, ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, CRP: C-Reactive Protein, ASO: Antistreptolysin O Antibodies, NR: Not Reported.