Table 1: Clinical characteristics of the study population according to the presence of cardiovascular disease.
Overall (n = 4, 304; 100%) | CV disease (n = 707; 16.4%) | No CV disease (n = 3,597; 83.6%) | P | |
Biodemographic data | ||||
Mean age (years) | 57.5 ± 13.5 | 64.1 ± 12.8 | 56.2 ± 14.5 | 0.0001 |
Gender, male (%) | 45.1 | 54.3 | 43.2 | 0.0001 |
Habitat (%) Urban Semi-urban Rural |
52.9 26.0 21.1 |
51.3 25.1 23.6 |
53.2 26.2 20.6 |
NS |
Physical examination | ||||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.2 ± 15.7 | 131.5 ± 15.6 | 128.7 ± 15.8 | 0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.6 ± 10.2 | 76.4 ± 10.3 | 76.7 ± 10.2 | NS |
Heart rate (bpm) | 73.2 ± 10.5 | 72.5 ± 10.5 | 73.4 ± 10.5 | 0.043 |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 5.1 | 29.7 ± 5.3 | 28.4 ± 5.1 | 0.0001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 96.1 ± 14.2 | 99.4 ± 14.4 | 95.5 ± 14.1 | 0.0001 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Dyslipidemia (%) | 50.1 | 66.9 | 46.8 | 0.0001 |
Hypertension (%) | 47.7 | 67.5 | 43.9 | 0.0001 |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 38.4 | 51.1 | 36.0 | 0.0001 |
Obesity (%) | 34.6 | 41.9 | 33.2 | 0.0001 |
Abdominal obesity (%) | 30.7 | 37.0 | 29.5 | 0.0001 |
Sedentary lifestyle (%) | 30.6 | 34.8 | 29.8 | 0.011 |
Diabetes (%) | 18.7 | 30.3 | 16.5 | 0.0001 |
Smoking status (%) Active smoker Never smoker Ex-smoker |
18.1 52.4 29.5 |
15.8 48.2 36.0 |
18.5 53.2 28.3 |
0.0001 |
Family history of CV disease (%) | 16.9 | 37.0 | 13.0 | 0.0001 |
Excessive alcohol intake (%) | 13.0 | 14.5 | 12.7 | NS |
Organ damage | ||||
Any target organ damage (%) | 25.6 | 49.4 | 21.0 | 0.0001 |
Micro albuminuria (%) | 8.0 | 15.7 | 6.5 | 0.0001 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy (%) | 4.3 | 12.4 | 2.7 | 0.0001 |
Ankle brachial index < 0.9 (%) | 2.0 | 12.4 | 0 | 0.0001 |
Vascular disease | ||||
Chronic kidney disease (MDRD) (%) | 9.5 | 16.2 | 8.2 | 0.0001 |
Ischemic heart disease (%) | 7.3 | 44.7 | 0 | 0.0001 |
Stroke (%) | 4.2 | 25.5 | 0 | 0.0001 |
Peripheral artery disease (%) | 3.1 | 19.0 | 0 | 0.0001 |
Heart failure (%) | 3.0 | 18.1 | 0 | 0.0001 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) CHADS2 score CHA2DS2-VASC score HAS-BLED score |
5.1 1.5 ± 1.0 2.6 ± 1.3 1.2 ± 0.8 |
15.6 2.8 ± 1.3 4.4 ± 1.5 1.6 ± 0.9 |
3.0 1.2 ± 0.9 2.3 ± 1.3 1.1 ± 0.8 |
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.001 |
CV: Cardiovascular.