Table 1: Presence of iron element on the human body and its functions.
Iron Containing proteins | Compounds | % of Iron Indicadores de Salud, 2013 [4] | Body Localization | Function |
Heme Group | Haemoglobin | 68 | Erythrocytes | O2 Transport |
Myoglobin | 4 | Muscle | O2 storage in the muscle for its contraction | |
Cytochromes a,b,c (oxidases) and subtypes | 0.6 | Internal mitochondrial membrane | [7] Oxidative process in ATP form |
|
Oxidase pyruvate-malate | Mitochondria | |||
Succinic oxidase | ||||
Cytochrome c reductase | ||||
Succinate-cythocrome c reductase | Enzymes in rat's heart mitochondria | |||
Succinic dehydrogenase | Mitochondrial | |||
NADH ferricyanide oxidoreductase | ||||
α-glycerophosphate oxidase | ||||
Cytochrome P450 | 0.6 | Membrane of the endoplasmatic Reticulum in liver | Catabolics enzymes | |
Catalases | Cells | Transforms hydrogen peroxide in oxygen and water: antioxidant processes | ||
Peroxidases | Immune cells, and others | Eliminates hydrogen peroxide; oxidation processes; Activate pathways of the nonspecific immune answer | ||
Prostaglandin synthase | Liver, mainly | Synthesis of Prostaglandins | ||
Guanylate cyclase | Cells | Activate cAMP, 2nd messenger mainly by activating intracellular protein kinases activated in response to peptide hormones | ||
Nitrous oxide generating enzymes: nitric oxide synthase | Cellular cytoplasm, central nervous system, skeletal and cardiac muscle, immune cells | Synthesizes nitric oxide, cell communication, immune system, cardiovascular, vasodilation | ||
Heme Group | Lactoferrin | 0.6 | Immune cells in breast milk | Granulocytes: activate nonspecific immune response pathways |
Myeloperoxidase [1,4] | Neutrophils | Oxide reactive substances involved in non-specific immune response. | ||
MAOS: [1-4] Monoamine Oxidases: | Neurons; platelets and adrenal gland | Synthesizes of neurotransmitters and catecholamine | ||
Tryptophan hydroxylase | Synthesizes of serotonin | |||
Tyrosine hydrolase | Synthesizes of norepinephrine and dopamine | |||
GABA [1,2,5] transaminase: γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate decarboxylase | Central nervous system | Synthesizes of GABA and the glutamate | ||
T4-5'Deiodinase [9] | Cells | Enzyme conversion of T4 to T3 (thyroxine to triioditironina) | ||
Protohemomonooxigenases [1] | Oligodendrocytes | Myelin production | ||
Non-heme Group | Metalloflavoproteins: 1-Xanthine-oxidase; | Mitochondria | [4] The Krebs Cycle | |
2-NADH deshydrogenases; | ||||
3-Succinic deshydrogenases | ||||
4-α-glycerophosphate deshydrogenase; | ||||
Ribonucleotide reductase | Cells with mitosis | Cellular replication and processes of mitosis [4] | ||
Iron as cofactor | Ferredoxins (3000 millon) [10] | Mitochondria | Electrons transport in oxidation-reduction | |
Aconitase [11] | Mitochondrial cytoplasm | Tricarboxylic acid cycle: the Krebs cycle | ||
Proline and lysine hydroxylase [13] | Cellular cytoplasm | Synthesis of Collagen | ||
Aldehyde oxidase [4] | Xanthine-oxidases family; cellular cytoplasm | Route of reactive oxygen formation, cellular redox processes | ||
Tryptophanpyrrolase, tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO), or tryptophan oxygenase [4] | Central nervous system | Tryptophan metabolism pathway kynurenine: INF γ picolinic acid stimulates macrophages | ||
Metabolic of iron | Iron Response Element (IRE) (there are 70 known) [3] | Hepatocytes, reticuloendothelial and musculoskeletal, crystalline | mRNA translation in iron metabolism | |
Transferrin | 0.1 | Blood and glial cells | Iron transport and storage in glial cells | |
Ferritin subunit H [1,13,14] | 27% tissue; 0.004 in serum | Blood, heart and central nervous system cells | Iron storage | |
Ferritin subunit L [1,4,7] | Crystalline, liver, spleen |