Table 2: Factors perceived by physicians (N = 34) to have contributed to AMR in private and public health institutions in Grenada, 2015.
AMR contributing factors | Private Institutions %, 95% CI, (n) | Public Institutions %, 95% CI, (n) | ||||
Frequent | Occasional | Never | Frequent | Occasional | Never | |
Patients failing to adhere to treatment | 70.6; 52.3-84.3 (4) | 11.8; 3.8-28.4 (4) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 70.6; 52.3-84.3 (24) | 11.8; 3.8-28.4 (4) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) |
Patients demanding antibiotics | 61.8; 43.6-77.3 (21) | 17.6; 7.4-35.2 (6) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) | 50.0; 32.8-67.3 (17) | 35.3; 20.3-53.5 (12) | 0.0; 0.0 = 0.0 |
Prescribing antimicrobials when they are not needed | 55.9; 38.1-72.4 (19) | 26.5; 13.5-44.7 (9) | 0.0; 0.0 = 0.0 | 52.9; 35.4-69.8 (18) | 29.4; 15.7-47.7 (10) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) |
Lack of proper patient advise about use of antibiotics | 55.9; 38.1-72.4 (19) | 23.5; 11.4-41.6 (8) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) | 52.9; 35.4-69.8 (18) | 29.4; 15.7-47.7 (10) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) |
Limited use of laboratory services for diagnosis | 47.1; 30.2-64.6 (16) | 35.3; 20.3-53.5 (12) | 0.0; 0.0 = 0.0 | 47.1; 30.2-64.6 (16) | 38.2; 22.7-56.4 (13) | 14.7; 5.6-31.8 (5) |
Patients are not properly diagnosed | 23.5; 11.4-41.6 (8) | 58.8; 40.8-74.9 (20) | 0.0; 0.0 = 0.0 | 32.4; 18.0-50.6 (11) | 52.9; 35.4-69.8 (18) | 0.0; 0.0 = 0.0 |
Wrong medicine prescribed for patients | 23.5; 11.4-41.6 (8) | 55.9; 38.1-72.4 (19) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) | 14.7; 5.6-31.8 (5) | 67.6; 49.4-82.0 (23) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) |
Antibiotics available are of questionable quality | 17.6; 7.4-35.2 (6) | 52.9; 35.4-69.8 (18) | 11.8; 3.8-28.4 (4) | 20.6; 9.3-38.4 (7) | 52.9; 35.4-69.8 (18) | 11.8; 3.8-28.4 (4) |
There is a shortage of non-antibiotic medicines | 17.6; 7.4-35.2 (6) | 52.9; 35.4-69.8 (18) | 5.9; 1.0-21.1 (2) | 26.5; 13.5-44.7 (9) | 50.0; 32.8-67.3 (17) | 8.8; 2.3-24.8 (3) |
Not prescribing antibiotics when they are needed | 11.8; 3.8-28.4 (4) | 67.6; 49.4-82.0 (23) | 2.9; 0.2-17.1 (1) | 14.7; 5.6-31.8 (5) | 14.7; 5.6-31.8 (5) | 5.9; 1.0-21.1 (2) |