Table 3: Univariate analysis of mortality risk factors with COVID-19 admitted patients.
Variables |
Total |
538 |
Deceased |
92 |
Survivors |
446 |
OR |
OR (95% CI) |
p-value |
|
Ethnicity |
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
||
Black |
83 |
15.4 |
7 |
7.6 |
76 |
17.0 |
0.40 |
(0.18, 0.90) |
0.0269 |
|
Caucasian |
283 |
52.6 |
65 |
70.7 |
218 |
48.9 |
2.52 |
(1.55, 4.09) |
0.0002 |
|
Age Group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
< 20 |
3 |
0.6 |
0 |
0.0 |
3 |
0.7 |
0.00 |
(0.00, -) |
0.9797 |
|
20-39 |
61 |
11.3 |
1 |
1.1 |
60 |
13.5 |
0.07 |
(0.01, 0.52) |
|
|
0.009 |
||||||||||
40-49 |
61 |
11.3 |
1 |
1.1 |
60 |
13.5 |
0.07 |
(0.01, 0.52) |
|
|
0.009 |
||||||||||
50-59 |
70 |
13.0 |
5 |
5.4 |
65 |
14.6 |
0.34 |
(0.13, 0.86) |
|
|
0.0231 |
||||||||||
60-69 |
91 |
16.9 |
15 |
16.3 |
76 |
17.0 |
0.95 |
(0.52, 1.74) |
|
|
0.8639 |
||||||||||
70-79 |
96 |
17.8 |
22 |
23.9 |
74 |
16.6 |
1.58 |
(0.92, 2.71) |
0.0970 |
|
≥ 80 |
156 |
29.0 |
48 |
52.2 |
108 |
24.2 |
3.41 |
(2.15, 5.42) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
BMI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underweight |
40 |
7.4 |
12 |
13.0 |
28 |
6.3 |
2.24 |
(1.09, 4.59) |
0.4762 |
|
Obese |
214 |
39.8 |
29 |
31.5 |
202 |
45.3 |
0.56 |
(0.34, 0.90) |
0.0770 |
|
Living |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Independent |
361 |
67.1 |
36 |
39.1 |
325 |
72.9 |
0.24 |
(0.15, 0.38) |
|
|
Other |
177 |
32.9 |
56 |
60.9 |
121 |
27.1 |
4.18 |
(2.62, 6.67) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chest Pain |
45 |
8.4 |
2 |
2.2 |
43 |
9.6 |
0.21 |
(0.05, 0.88) |
0.0322 |
|
Cough |
279 |
51.9 |
36 |
39.1 |
243 |
54.5 |
0.54 |
(0.34, 0.85) |
0.0078 |
|
Altered Mental State |
49 |
9.1 |
15 |
16.3 |
34 |
7.6 |
2.36 |
(1.23, 4.54) |
0.0101 |
|
Prev Card |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arrhythmia |
84 |
15.6 |
24 |
26.1 |
60 |
13.5 |
2.27 |
(1.32, 3.89) |
0.0029 |
|
PVD |
21 |
3.9 |
8 |
8.7 |
13 |
2.9 |
3.17 |
(1.28, 7.89) |
0.0130 |
|
NONE |
394 |
73.2 |
57 |
62.0 |
337 |
75.6 |
0.53 |
(0.33, 0.85) |
0.0079 |
|
PMH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension |
314 |
58.4 |
66 |
71.7 |
248 |
55.6 |
2.03 |
(1.24, 3.31) |
0.0048 |
|
Hyperlipedemia |
209 |
38.8 |
49 |
53.3 |
160 |
35.9 |
2.04 |
(1.29, 3.2) |
0.0010 |
|
Smoker/COPD |
111 |
20.6 |
36 |
39.1 |
75 |
16.8 |
3.18 |
(1.95, 5.17) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
CVA/dementia |
131 |
24.3 |
35 |
38.0 |
96 |
21.5 |
2.24 |
(1.39, 3.61) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
NONE |
107 |
19.9 |
4 |
4.3 |
103 |
23.1 |
0.15 |
(0.05, 0.42) |
0.0003 |
|
Pre Treat |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Antivirals |
11 |
2.0 |
5 |
5.4 |
6 |
1.3 |
4.21 |
(1.26, 14.12) |
0.0197 |
|
EKG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
359 |
66.7 |
51 |
55.4 |
308 |
69.1 |
0.56 |
(0.35, 0.88) |
0.0123 |
|
Abnormal |
107 |
19.9 |
28 |
30.4 |
79 |
17.7 |
2.03 |
(1.23, 3.37) |
0.006 |
|
BNP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
135 |
25.1 |
15 |
16.3 |
120 |
26.9 |
0.53 |
(0.29, 0.96) |
0.0350 |
|
Abnormal ( > 300 pg/mL) |
130 |
24.2 |
40 |
43.5 |
90 |
20.2 |
3.04 |
(1.90, 4.88) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Not Done |
273 |
50.7 |
37 |
40.2 |
236 |
52.9 |
0.60 |
(0.38, 0.94) |
0.0275 |
|
Troponin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abnormal (> 0.034 ng/mL) |
88 |
16.4 |
36 |
39.1 |
52 |
11.7 |
4.87 |
(2.93, 8.10) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Not Done |
170 |
31.6 |
16 |
17.4 |
154 |
34.5 |
0.40 |
(0.22, 0.71) |
0.0017 |
|
d-dimer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal (< 0.05) |
60 |
11.2 |
2 |
2.2 |
58 |
13.0 |
0.15 |
(0.04, 0.62) |
0.0089 |
|
CRP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
26 |
4.8 |
0 |
0.0 |
26 |
5.8 |
0.00 |
(0.00, -) |
0.9835 |
|
Complication |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
152 |
28.3 |
62 |
67.4 |
90 |
20.2 |
8.17 |
(4.99, 13.39) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
No |
386 |
71.7 |
30 |
32.6 |
356 |
79.8 |
0.12 |
(0.07, 0.20) |
|
|
MACE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
460 |
85.5 |
49 |
53.3 |
411 |
92.2 |
0.10 |
(0.06, 0.17) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Myocardial infarction |
7 |
1.3 |
4 |
4.3 |
3 |
0.7 |
6.71 |
(1.48, 30.52) |
0.0137 |
|
|
||||||||||
Arrhythmia |
25 |
4.6 |
10 |
10.9 |
15 |
3.4 |
3.50 |
(1.52, 8.07) |
0.0032 |
|
Hypotension |
49 |
9.1 |
32 |
34.8 |
17 |
3.8 |
13.46 |
(7.05, 25.71) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Cardiac Arrest/Code Blue |
4 |
0.7 |
4 |
4.3 |
0 |
0.0 |
INF |
(-, INF) |
0.9812 |
|
In-Hospital Treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Antibiotics |
281 |
52.2 |
60 |
65.2 |
221 |
49.6 |
1.91 |
(1.2, 3.05) |
0.0067 |
|
Steroid |
58 |
10.8 |
16 |
17.4 |
42 |
9.4 |
2.03 |
(1.08, 3.79) |
0.0271 |
|
GFR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abnormal (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) |
131 |
24.3 |
47 |
51.1 |
84 |
18.8 |
4.50 |
(2.81,7.22) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Clot Disorder |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
27 |
5 |
14 |
15.2 |
13 |
2.9 |
5.98 |
(2.71,13.21) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Ventilator |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
110 |
20.4 |
45 |
48.9 |
65 |
14.6 |
5.61 |
(3.45,9.12) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
Echocardiogram |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abnormal |
57 |
10.6 |
18 |
19.6 |
39 |
8.7 |
2.54 |
(1.38,4.68) |
0.0028 |
|
LDH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abnormal (> 246 U/L) |
192 |
35.7 |
42 |
45.7 |
150 |
33.6 |
1.66 |
(1.05,2.61) |
0.0294 |