Table 1: Medications implicated in drug-associated bullous pemphigoid.

Level of evidence

Commonly used drugs

Drugs used infrequently

Extensive evidence

Sitagliptin Acetylsalicylic acid

Linagliptin

Furosemide Ibuprofen

Levofloxacin

Enalapril

Vildagliptin                             Etanercept

Alogliptin                                Nivolumab

Anagliptin Pembrolizumab

Psoralens with UVA               Sirolimus

Temporal relationship between the onset of symptoms and the use of medications in young adults or spontaneous resolution upon cessation of the probable inducer. 

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin                        Hydrochlorothiazide

Ciprofloxacin                   Spironolactone

Metronidazole                

Cephalexin

Fluoxetine

Chloroquine

Gabapentin

Rosuvastatin

Celecoxib

Diclofenac

Losartan

Metamizole

Adalimumab                            Sulfasalazine

Infliximab                                 Terbinafine

BumetanidePenicilin

Hepatitis B vaccineGriseofulvin

Temporal relationship between the onset of symptoms and the use of medications in older adults.

Omeprazole

Amlodipine Enoxaparin

Captopril                                    Escitalopram

Valsartan

Iodine

Nifedipine

Amantadine                             Photodynamic therapy

Influenza vaccine                    Risperidone

Levetiracetam                         Timolol

Mesalazine

Adapted from: A systematic review of drug-associated bullous pemphigoid by Liu SD, et al. and a systematic review of drug-associated bullous pemphigoid by Verheyden, et al.