Table 1: Baseline characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
|
|
African Americans N = 249 (%) |
Caucasians N = 135 (%) |
Others N = 16 (%) |
P-value |
|
Sociodemographic |
|
|
|
|
|
Age |
63.3 (14.24) |
67.2 (15.32) |
57.3 (18.94) |
0.009 |
|
Females |
123 (49.4) |
61 (45.2) |
7 (43.8) |
0.597 |
|
Private Insurance |
67 (26.9) |
26 (19.3) |
2 (12.5) |
0.151 |
|
Comorbidities |
|
|
|
|
|
BMI |
31.8 (8.84) |
29.5 (7.12) |
29.1 (6.31) |
0.023 |
|
COPD |
26 (10.4) |
26 (19.3) |
1 (6.2) |
0.036 |
|
Smoking |
48 (19.3) |
35 (25.9) |
2 (12.5) |
0.215 |
|
GERD |
41 (16.5) |
29 (21.5) |
2 (12.5) |
0.4 |
|
Diabetes mellitus |
106 (42.6) |
48 (35.6) |
5 (31.2) |
0.316 |
|
Hypertension |
194 (77.9) |
88 (65.2) |
7 (43.8) |
0.001 |
|
Heart Failure |
38 (15.3) |
16 (11.9) |
1 (6.2) |
0.439 |
|
Chronic Kidney Disease |
50 (20.1) |
21 (15.6) |
4 (25) |
0.448 |
|
Chronic Liver Disease |
4 (1.6) |
2 (1.5) |
0 |
0.877 |
|
HIV |
2 (0.8) |
1 (0.7) |
0 |
0.937 |
|
Home Medications |
|
|
|
|
|
NSAID |
97 (39) |
45 (33.3) |
1 (6.2) |
0.023 |
|
ACE inhibitors |
42 (16.9) |
24 (17.8) |
2 (12.5) |
0.885 |
|
ARB |
46 (18.5) |
8 (5.9) |
0 |
0.001 |
|
Beta-blockers |
67 (26.9) |
30 (22.2) |
2 (12.5) |
0.305 |
|
Statins |
98 (39.4) |
40 (29.6) |
3 (18.8) |
0.06 |
|
Immunosuppressants |
6 (2.4) |
7 (5.2) |
1 (6.2) |
0.306 |
|
Anticoagulants |
18 (7.2) |
13 (9.6) |
0 |
0.349 |
BMI: Body Mass Index; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; NSAID: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; ACE: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin Receptor Blockers.
Immunosuppressants Include Steroids, Chemotherapies and Anti-TNF- Monoclonal Antibodies.
The baseline characteristics showed that Caucasians in this study were older than African Americans followed by patients from other races. African Americans had the highest BMI (P = 0.023) whereas Caucasians had the highest rate of COPD (P = 0.036) and hypertension (P = 0.001). The number of patients who had NSAID or ARB in their home medication list was significantly different among the different races with higher rates in African Americans (P = 0.023 and P = 0.001, respectively).