VACCINE

CHARACTERISTICS

REFERENCE

‘Fixed’ Rabies Virus Pasteur vaccine

First generation vaccine. Developed from infected rabbit spinal cord. Major drawback was the increasing virulence of the rabies virus. However, it was in use for more than 50 years till modifications were made.

[28]

Fermi vaccine (1908) Semple vaccine(1911)

Vaccine developed from phenol treated inactivated sheep or goat brain. It was widely used all across the world until WHO discontinued it. There were serious side effects like Guilliain Barre Syndrome(GBS), fatal encephalitis.

  [29,30]

Myelin free inactivated vaccine (1964)

Developed by Fuenzalida and his team , this vaccine was developed from Suckling mouse brain. It was a good alternative , less reactogenic vaccine. However, the claims of being myelin free was not found true. Remnants of myelin tissue in the vaccine caused adverse events in the vaccinated group. It was subsequently discontinued after being in use for a decade.

  [31]

Embryo vaccines(1930-1980)

Flury Low egg passage (LEP) vaccine Flury High egg passage (HEP) vaccine Duck embryo vaccine

Novel idea of propagation in embryonated eggs by Ernest W. Goodpasture provided a platform for new generation vaccines. These vaccines were considered primitive in terms of safety, efficacy and immunogenicity. They were discontinued in 1980’s and research targeted towards new vaccine platforms.

[32,33]

Cell culture vaccines( 1970-present) HDCV

PCECV PVRV

PVRV-Next Generation(PVRV-NG)

Second generation vaccines. In 1970’s, the first Human Diploid Cell Vaccine(HDCV) was licensed . It was the first adjuvant -free purified vaccine. WHO has recommended it as reference vaccine. Further vaccine research resulted in vaccine with increased efficacy, safety and increased virus yield. Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine(PCECV) was approved in Europe in 1984. The introduction of purified Vero Cell rabies vaccine(PVRV) enhanced commercial production. It became widely accepted across the globe. The launch of PVRV- next generation vaccine has provided an excellent alternative.

[34,35]