Literature review of documented giant cell angiofibromas in the head and neck with pathologic description.

Table 1: Literature review of documented giant cell angiofibromas in the head and neck with pathologic description.

Authors	Head and Neck Site	No. Cases	Age Range	Gender Distribution	Histopathologic Features	Immunohistochemical Staining
Arifin, et al. [2]	Scalp	1	39	Female	Oval and round- to spindle-shaped cells intermixed with floret-like giant with hypocellular areas. Giant cells lined the pseudovascular space. Presence of bony erosion.	Positive: CD34 and Vimentin Negative: not mentioned
Shu, et al. [3]	Vocal cord	2	40-45	All Male	Patternless spindle cells with rich blood vessels and vascularity, with presence of multinucleated cells lining pseudovascular spaces. Positive training: CD34, Vimentin, CD99. Negative staining.	Positive: CD34, vimentin, CD99 Negative: MSA, desmin, s100, aAT, aACT, CDC9, cytokeratin
Gonzalez-Perez, et al. [4]	Paraphyaryngeal Space	1	29	Female	Fibrous pseudocapsule of spindle cells, round to oval bland nuclei and pseudoinclusions. Numerous floret like multinucleated giant cells, angioectoid pseudovascular spaces.	Positive: CD34, BCL2, CD99 Negative: smooth muscle actin, CKAE1/AE3, CK1/5/10/14, s100, p63, CD31, EMA In-situ hybridization negative to SYT gene (18q11.2) to rule out synovial sarcoma
Rousseau, et al. [5]	Buccal Mucosa	1	61	Male	Presence of torturous, pseudovascular spaces, filled with floret type multinucleate cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei.	Positive: Vimentin, CD34 Negative: CD68, CD31, Factor VIII, Ulex europaeus lectin
De Andrade, et al. [9]	Buccal Mucosa	1	44	Male	Elongated, spindled, and wavy cells, intermingled with variable amounts of blood vessels, pseudovascular spaces, and scarce multinucleated giant cells.	Positive: Vimentin, CD34, bcl-2 (weakly) Negative: cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin, s100, desmin, CD68, CD34
Kintarak, et al. [8]	Buccal Mucosa	1	46	Female	Nonencapsulated, well circumscribed, with small spindle shaped proliferating cells. Scattered multinucleated giant cells with peripherally arranged nuclei in floret like pattern, lining pseudovascular spaces.	Positive: CD34, factor XIIIa Negative: smooth muscle actin, desmin, s100
Mikami, et al. [6]	Submandibular Region	1	48	Female	Pseudovascular spaces lined by a discontinuous row of multinucleated cells were seen against a background of spindle-shaped fibroblastic cell proliferation.	Positive: CD34, Vimentin Negative: Factor VIII, desmin, smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, s100, leuM1, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, cytokeratin