Table 1: New drugs for systemic lupus erythematosus tested in clinical trials (APRIL: A proliferation-inducing ligand; BLyS: B-lymphocyte-stimulator protein; ICOS: Inducible costimulator; JAK: Janus kinase; mAb: Monoclonal antibody).
Drug | Mechanism of action |
Blisibimob | Inhibition of B lymphocytes (BLyS blocking) |
Abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) | T lymphocyte costimulation blocking (CD28/B7 interaction) |
AMG 577 | T lymphocyte costimulation blocking (by ICOS inhibition) |
AMG 811 | IFN-γ activity blocking (anti-IFN-γ mAb) |
Anakinra | Cytokine blockade, human recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist |
Anifrolumab | IFN- α activity blocking (anti-IFN-α receptor mAb) |
Atacicept | Inhibition of B lymphocytes (BLyS-APRIL blocking) |
CDP 7657 | Blockade of T cell co-stimulation (CD40L) |
Epratuzumab | Inhibition of B lymphocytes (anti-CD22 mAb) |
Glutathione | Antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine) |
IFNa Kinoid | IFN-α vaccine |
JAK 116439 | T lymphocyte costimulation blocking (by JAK inhibition) |
Laquinomod | Immunomodulatory agent (synthetic tolerogen) |
Lupizor | Immunomodulatory agent (synthetic tolerogen) |
MEDI-570 | T lymphocyte costimulation blocking (by ICOS inhibition) |
NNC 0152 | IFN-α activity blocking (anti-IFN-α mAb) |
Ocrelizumab | Inhibition of B lymphocytes (anti-CD20 mAb) |
Rapamycin | mTOR inhibition |
Rituximab | Inhibition of B lymphocytes (anti-CD20 mAb) |
Rontalizumab | IFN-α activity blocking (anti-IFN-α mAb) |
Sifalimumab | IFN-α activity blocking (anti-IFN-α mAb) |
Sirukumab | Cytokine blockade (anti-IL-6 receptor mAb) |
SM 101 | Fcγ receptor modulation |
Tabalumab | Inhibition of B lymphocytes (BLyS blocking) |
Tocilizumab | Cytokine blockade (anti-IL-6 receptor mAb) |
Vitamin D | Immunomodulatory agent |