Clinical diagnosis is one of the most demanding tasks, even for experienced physicians. In daily clinical practice, common diseases may require, developed skills. Not only by the intrinsic difficulties of the disease itself, but also because some of them may threaten patients' life and demands a prompt and safe attention. As examples of that are sudden dyspnoea, chest pain or syncope....

Xanthelasmas are lesions containing lipid-filled histiocytes, which can be found on the skin or in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal xanthelasmas (GX) are rare lesions typically found incidentally on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Several risk factors have been identified for development of GX including dyslipidemia, fatty liver, radiotherapy, Helicobacter pylori infection, and immunosuppression. We present a case of a gastroesophageal xanthelasma in a 78-year-old male without risk facto...

Tight glycemic control has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of microvascular complications in type 1 and 2 diabetes. However, tight control comes at a risk of hypoglycemia, which is further increased in advanced diabetic kidney disease. GLP-1 agonists significantly lower HgA1c and have added benefits of early satiety and weight loss. However, the safety and efficacy of these agents has not been well documented in CKD stage 3-4....

A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our ward - after her third visit to the Emergency Department in two months - because of progressive lethargy, weakness, and persistent euvolaemic hyponatraemia. Based on the results of the first diagnostic workup (complete blood count, serum and urinary biochemistry), a diagnosis of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) was established. A comprehensive second diagnostic workup was performed, leading to the diagnosis of anterior hypop...