From social productivity to social costs to clinical stability, traditional outcome measurements employed in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) serve to reinforce binary oppositions between sickness and health, 'dirty' and 'clean', stable and chaotic, life and death. Such binaries thus position the (post-)MMT service user according to a series of fixed axes that are in turn reproduced in popular and professional discourse....

In the first performed studios it was published that the pethidine would mean an alternative to the morphine which would avoid the complications of the use of this like breath depression, constipation, urinary retention, and the potential to produce chemical dependency. The early clinical experience intensified the enthusiasm for this opioid analgesic. The first clinical reports reflect such therapeutic enthusiasm for this new analgesic....

Stress is defined as physical and psychological state that occurs when the individual is unable to cope with demands and pressure of situation. Job satisfaction is defined as an attitudinal variable that represent the extent to which people dislike or like their jobs. Level of stress and job satisfaction among doctors can affect the quality of health care....