Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3001/3/2/1046
Multiple System Atrophy: Moving towards a Multi-mechanistic Hypothesis
Monica Federoff
Article Type: Commentary | First Published: April 09, 2016
With an estimated incidence of 3-4 per every 100,000 individuals among adults 50-99 years of age, Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by the following trio: cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction in conjunction with pyramidal signs. MSA usually progresses over a 7-9 year period, with an average age of onset of 57 and affects both sexes equally....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3001/3/2/1045
Anterior Junction Syndrome Caused by Neuromyelitis Optica
Ma Eugenia Garcia Garcia, Javier Casas Limon, Aida Orviz Garcia and Alberto Marcos Dolado
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: April 08, 2016
The anterior junction syndrome is a specific manifestation caused by optic nerve involvement at the junction with the optic chiasm and the contralateral inferonasal nerve fibers (Wilbrand's Knee). Lesions at this point show a specific pattern of visual impairment which is characterized by an advanced monocular visual field loss, together with circumscribed visual field defects, respecting the vertical midline in the other eye (junctional scotoma). Although pituitary adenomas are the most frequen...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3001/3/2/1044
Trigeminal Neuropathy as a Relapse in Behcet Disease
Goncalo Cacao, Isabel Moreira, Jose Eduardo Alves, Fatima Farinha and Ernestina Santos
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: March 29, 2016
A 49 years old woman, diagnosed with Neuro-Behcet, was admitted with complains of numbness, aching and periods of electric shock-like pain in right side of the face. Associated with painful oral ulcers, anorexia, nausea and gait instability. Neurological examination revealed dysesthesia on right trigeminal nerve territory, horizontal-rotatory nistagmus on horizontal gaze bilateral with fast phase to the right and tandem instability. Brain MRI revealed new lesions. It was assumed a rhombencephali...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3001/3/2/1043
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in A Ninety-year-old Woman. A Case Report
Romero-Delgado Fernando, Cuello Juan-Pablo, Garcia-Dominguez Jose-Manuel, Higueras-Hernandez Yolanda, Goicochea-Briceno Haydee, Guzman-de-Villoria Juan Adan and Martinez-Gines Maria-Luisa
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: March 28, 2016
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating, necrotizing disease of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the optic nerves and spinal cord. Clinical, radiological and immunopathological characteristics distinguish it from multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, new diagnostic criteria have been published, and the terms NMO and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been unified, allowing a diagnosis of NMOSD on clinical grounds or on anti-AQP4 antibody statu...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3001/3/2/1042
MR-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for the Treatment of Medically Refractory Epilepsy
Shasha Wu, James X. Tao, Naoum P. Issa, Sandra Rose and Peter Warnke
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: March 02, 2016
Resective epilepsy surgery is highly effective in the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. However, it involves an open craniotomy and carries the risks of permanent functional deficits and cosmetic concerns. Multiple minimally invasive surgical approaches have been attempted to destroy seizure foci with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissue. Here we review the currently available minimally invasive surgical approaches for epilepsy, with an emphasis on MR-guided laser interstitial t...