Table 1: Baseline demographic and medical characteristics.
|
Characteristic N = 302 |
|
Range |
Missing data, n |
|
Age (years) |
47.7 ± 9.3 |
23.0-69.0 |
|
|
Sex (male) |
248 (82.1) |
|
|
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
24.2 ± 4.9 |
13.5-38.0 |
15 |
|
Cardiac family history |
31 (10.3) |
|
|
|
Chronic diseases |
|
|
|
|
Cardiac diseases |
73(24.2) |
|
|
|
Pulmonary diseases |
110 (36.4) |
|
|
|
Hepatitis C |
113 (37.4) |
|
|
|
HIV |
9 (3.0) |
|
|
|
Diabetes mellitus |
11 (3.6) |
|
|
|
Methadone dose (mg) |
53.7 ± 27.9 |
1.3-180.0 |
|
|
Treatment duration |
|
|
28 |
|
New patients |
40 (14.6) |
|
|
|
< 5 years |
67 (24.5) |
|
|
|
> 5 years |
167 (60.9) |
|
|
|
QTc interval (ms) |
427.5 ± 25.9 |
351.0-521.0 |
|
|
QTc ³ 500 ms |
2 (0.8) |
|
|
|
Substance use |
|
|
|
|
Heroin |
127 (50.6) |
|
|
|
Other opioids |
18 (6.0) |
|
|
|
Cocaine |
88 (29.1) |
|
|
|
Amphetamine |
43 (14.2) |
|
|
|
Benzodiazepinea |
71 (27.2) |
|
|
|
Cannabis |
108 (35.8) |
|
|
|
Alcohol |
157 (52.0) |
|
|
|
Tobacco |
273 (90.4) |
|
|
|
Medication use |
|
|
|
|
CYP3A4 inductorb |
6 (2.0) |
|
|
|
CYP3A4 inhibitorb |
3 (1.0) |
|
|
|
QTc prolongator highc |
0 |
|
|
|
QTc prolongator intermediatec |
10 (3.3) |
|
|
|
QTc prolongator lowc |
3 (1.0)
|
|
|
|
Laboratory results |
|
|
|
|
Increased AST (> 70 umol/L) |
15 (9.1) |
|
137 |
|
Increased GGT (> 110 U/L) |
17 (10.1) |
|
133 |
|
Hypokalemia (< 3.6 mmol/L) |
0 |
|
203 |
Numbers are mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
BMI: Body Mass Index; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase; GGT: γ-Glutamyltransferase; aDaily use of any benzodiazepine; bCYP3A4 inductor or inhibitor taken by patients. The list of medications ‘known’ to induce or inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes is listed in Supplemental Digital Content 1; cQTc prolonging medicine taken by patients. The list of medications ‘known’ to prolongate QTc interval and potentially cause Torsades de Pointes are specified into three categories; high, intermediate or low and listed in Supplemental Digital Content 2.