Table 1: Characteristics of included studies.

Study Authors

Type of Hypogonadism

Study design

Study duration

Age ±SD in years

Number of participants

Pharma-ceutical funding

Al-Qudimat, et al., 2021

LOH

Prospective

8 years

59 ± 9.5

496

T-312, U-184

 

No

Alwani, et al., 2021

Functional Hypogonadism

Prospective cohort

8 years

60.7 ± 5.0

622

T-77, U-545

 

No

Anderson, et al., 2016

LOH

Retrospective cohort

742 days

61.2 ± 8.7

4,736

T-4,079

U- 657

 

No

Aversa, et al., 2010

LOH

RCT

24 months

57 ± 8

50

T-40, PLB-10

 

No

Aversa, et al., 2012

LOH

RCT

36 months

58 ± 10

60

T-40, U-20

 

No

Basaria, et al., 2015*

LOH

RCT

4.5 years

67.6 ± 5.2

306

T-155, PLB- 151

 

Yes

Francomano, et al. 2014a

Functional Hypogonadism

Prospective cohort

60 months

58

T-58 ± 10, U- 57 ± 8

40

T-20

U-20

 

No

Francomano, et al., 2014b

Functional hypogonadism

Prospective cohort

54 weeks

T- 56 ± 9

U-53 ± 8

24

T-12, U-12

 

No

Groti, et al., 2018

Functional Hypogonadism

RCT

12 months

60.2 ± 7.2

55

T-28, PLB-27

 

No

Groti, et al., 2020a

Functional hypogonadism

Two-part Prospective

2 years

60.2 ± 7.2

55

T-28, PLB-27

 

No

Groti, et al., 2020b

Functional hypogonadism

Two-part Prospective

2 years

60.2 ± 7.2

55

T-28, PLB-27

 

No

Hackett, et al., 2013

Functional hypogonadism

RCT with open label extension

82 weeks

61.6 ± 9.9

190

T-92, PLB-98

 

No

Hackett, et al., 2014

Functional hypogonadism

RCT with open label extension

82 weeks

61.6 ± 9.9

190

T-92, PLB-98

 

No

Hackett, et al., 2018

Functional hypogonadism

RCT with follow up extension

12.7 ± 9.1 months with follow up of 4.0 ± 1.0 years

63.6 ± 11.6

857

T-175

PLB- 682

Yes

Hackett, et al., 2020

Functional hypogonadism

RCT with open label with 4 years’ follow-up

 

82 weeks + (4 years follow-up)

T-61.7

U-61.9

199

T- 123, U- 110

Yes

Haider, et al., 2014

Functional Hypogonadism

Prospective cohort

 

5 years

59.1 ± 6.1

181

No

Haider, et al., 2016

LOH

Prospective cohort

7.3 ± 1.2 years

 

61 ± 5

77

No

Heufelder, et al., 2009

Functional hypogonadism

RCT

52 weeks

T-57.3 ± 1.4

U-55.9 ± 1.5

 

32

T-16

U-16

No

Jones, et al., 2011

Functional hypogonadism

RCT

12 months

59.9 ± 9.3

220

T-108

PLB-112

 

Yes

Maggi, et al., 2016

LOH

Prospective cohort

36 months

59.1 ± 10.5

999

T-750, U-249

 

No

Sharma, et al., 2015

LOH

Retrospective cohort

15 years

66.5

T-66, U-67

83,010

T-69,632. U- 13,378

 

No

Shores, et al., 2012

LOH

Retrospective cohort

60 months

61.2 ± 10.6

1,031

T-398

U- 633

 

No

Vigen, et al., 2013

LOH

Retrospective cohort

531 days

T-60.6 ± 7.6

U-63.8 ± 9.0

8,709

T-1223

U-7486

No

LOH: Late-Onset Hypogonadism; PLB: Placebo; RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; SD: Standard Deviation; T: Testosterone; U: Untreated; *Included those with low-normal serum Testosterone