Variables

Category

n (%)

AOR (95% C.I)

P-value

Age

≤ 40 years

56 (45.9)

2.98 (1.089-2.023)

0.034

> 40 years

66 (54.1)

1

Sex

Male

67 (54.9)

1.96 (1.043-1.848)

0.078

Female

55 (45.1)

1

Educational status

Uneducated

45 (36.9)

1.75 (1.957-3.649)

0.009

Primary

39 (32.0)

1.01 (1.968-1.967)

0.869

Secondary

27 (22.1)

0.364 (0.067-1.028)

0.184

Higher education

11 (9.0)

1

Type of DM drugs

Metformin

41 (33.60)

1.873 (1.921-2.340)

0.09

Glibenclamide and metformin

19 (15.6)

1.043 (1.429-3.750)

0.018

Glibenclamide

17 (13.9)

0.740 (0.694-1.947)

0.873

Metformin and NP H insulin

34 (27.9)

1.75 (1.967-2.645)

0.095

Metformin + Insulin + Glibenclamide

11 (9.0)

1

Adherance

Low

56 (45.9)

2.68 (1.764-4.928)

0.002

Moderate

38 (31.1)

1.146 (1.437-2.746)

0.645

High

28 (23.0)

1

Social habit

Cigarette smokers

38 (31.1)

1.978 (2.034-3.864)

0.008

Alcohol drinker

32 (26.2)

1.34 (1.564-2.853)

0.07

Khat chewing

22 (18.0)

5.68 (2.968-12.476)

0.061

None

30 (24.6)

1

Comorbidity

Yes

67 (54.9)

2.5 (1.967-5.497)

0.028

No

55 (45.1)

1

Duration of treatment

1-4 years

62 (50.8)

0.478 (0.021-1.017)

0.476

5-10 years

43 (35.2)

2.15 (1.967-4.231)

0.005

> 10 years

17 (13.9)

1

Residency

Urban

50 (41.0)

1.254 (1.694-2.078)

0.045

Rural

72 (59.0)

1

Type of complication

Retinopathy

16 (13.1)

0.285 (0.047-1.074)

0.178

Neuropathy

17 (13.9)

1.476 (1.967-2.863)

0.710

Nephropathy

32 (26.2)

6.45 (3.071-17.632)

0.005

Cardiac complications

12 (9.8)

1.435 (1.849-2.147)

0.453

None

45 (36.9)

1