Table 1: Drug interaction between COVID-19 therapy and rate and rhythm controlling agents.

Drug Interaction

Rate Control Agent

Rhythm Control Agent

Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine [5]

Digoxin

Beta blocker

CCB

Digoxin

Amiodarone

Flecainide

Ibutlide

Azithromycin [5]

Digoxin

Amiodarone

Beta blocker

CCB

Digoxin

Flecainide

Amiodarone

Sotalol

Ibutilide

Lopinavir/ritonavir [5]

Digoxin

Beta blocker

CCB

Digoxin

Flecainide

Ibutilide

Sotalol

Dofetilide

DCCV

Fingolimod [5]

Digoxin

Beta blocker

CCB

Flecainide

Ibutilide

Dofetilide

DCCV

CCB: Calcium Channel Blocker; DCCV: Direct Current Cardioversion