| Voucher N=49 | Comparison N=20 | Risk Difference (CI) | p-value | |
| Providers who perceived a significant increase in patient load - % (n) | ||||
| Managers | 100% (16/16) | 0% (0/6) | 1 (1,1) | < 0.001 |
| Frontline | 100% (32/32) | 43% (6/14) | .57 (.31, .83) | < 0.001 |
| Providers who reported a salary increase in last year - % (n) | ||||
| Managers | 69% (11/16) | 0% (0/6) | .68 (.46, .91) | 0.004 |
| Frontline | 33% (11/33) | 14% (2/14) | .19 (-.05, .43) | 0.182 |
| Providers who perceived an increase in staffing - % (n) | ||||
| Managers | 75% (12/16) | 50% (3/6) | .25 (-.20, .70) | 0.262 |
| Frontline | 79% (26/33) | 36% (5/14) | .43 (.14, .72) | 0.004 |