Table 1: Pretest and posttest scores for psychological distress scales and spiritual well-being.

Variable Pretest Posttest P value Effect Size
Perceived stress 40.83 ± 4.79 32.28 ± 7.12 0.001 -1.2
POMS total mood disturbance 2.78 ± 0.72 1.94 ± 0.54 0.001 -1.56
    Anxiety 2.83 ± 0.98 1.79 ± 0.63 0.001 -1.65
    Depression 2.45 ± 0.85 1.69 ± 0.67 0.001 -1.13
    anger/hostility 2.43 ± 0.85 1.56 ± 0.50 0.001 -1.74
    Confusion 2.86 ± 0.54 2.31 ± 0.54 0.001 -1.02
    Fatigue 3.31 ± 1.10 2.34 ± 0.88 0.001 -1.1
Spiritual Well-Being 36.52 ± 9.57 45.48 ± 8.29 0.001 1.08
n = 23; mean ± standard deviation