Table 3: Comparisons of pre- and post- S-AI scores.

 

Mean ± SD

T

p

ES

 

pre

post

 

 

 

S-AI total scores

52.14 ± 13.52

36.35 ± 13.58

10.191

< 0.001

1.8

Positive emotion

26.98 ± 6.90

21.20 ± 7.30

9.062

< 0.001

1.2

Negative emotion

25.16 ± 7.26

18.76 ± 6.87

8.886

< 0.001

1.2

Note: ES: Effect Size; S-AI: State Anxiety Inventory; SD: Standard Deviation. *Cohen's d of 0.20, 0.50, and 0.80 are considered small, medium, and large effect sizes respectively.