Table
1: Research
studies assessing awareness of GINA.
Author & Date |
Population |
Instrument/Method |
Study Purpose |
Findings |
Allain,
Friedman & Senter [12] |
1,699 members of a Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Syndrome advocacy group |
Anonymous online questionnaire, 34 items |
Examine awareness and attitudes about GINA |
45.7% were aware of GINA before taking the survey p ≤
0.0001 |
Fusina
[9] |
56 physicians affiliated with Mount Sinai School of
Medicine |
Anonymous online survey, 19 closed-ended questions and one
open- ended question |
Examine awareness of GINA by physicians |
42.9% were aware of GINA p = 0.0004 |
Garrison [10] |
1,076 members of FORCE, (Facing Our Risk of Cancer
Empowered) advocacy group and clients of Ohio State’s Clinical Cancer
Genetics Program |
Anonymous online survey, 33 multiple- choice questions |
Evaluate consumer knowledge and attitudes of GINA |
52.1 % of respondents were aware of GINA before the study p < 0.02 |
Laedtke,
O’Neill, Rubinstein & Vogel [13] |
401 members of American Academy of Family Physicians |
Mailed/online survey. Number of items on survey not
reported |
Evaluate physician’s awareness/knowledge of GINA |
45.5% aware of GINA.10.3% self- reported knowledge of
GINA, p < 0.001 |
Huang, Huston, & Perri [14] |
295 general population panel of U.S. citizens, ages 18-64 |
17-item survey, included 2 questions to measure
awareness/knowledge of GINA |
Evaluate consumer awareness of genetic discrimination and
GINA |
8.8% were aware of GINA, 3.4% knew GINA prohibits improper
use of genetic information, p value not reported |
Pamarti
[11] |
257 genetic counselors from National Society of Genetic
Counselors |
32- item online survey, adapted from previous surveys |
Assess knowledge about the scope of GINA and genetic
discrimination in clients |
56% aware of general provisions of GINA, 99.3% knew about
GINA’s health insurance protections p < 0.05 |
Qurehi,
Warda, Rahaghi, Ferrer,
Ramirez, Rahaghi [15] |
41 physicians at Cleveland Clinic/Florida |
Questionnaire - number of items and type not reported |
Evaluate personal practice of ordering lab tests and
awareness of GINA |
39% aware of protections offered by GINA. 99% wanted to find out more about GINA, p value not reported |