Comparison of activities, BMI and stress between patients with severe and mild pain.

Table 2b: Comparison of activities, BMI and stress between patients with severe and mild pain.

		Neck pain				Back pain				Quality of life issues
Variable^a		No. students	Mean	P-value^b	95% CI^c	No. students	Mean	P-value^b	95% CI^c	No. students	Mean	P-value^b	95% CI^c
BMI	None to mild^d	153	22.72 ± 2.83	0.02	- 3.86, - 0.28	125	22.46 ± 2.80	0.002	- 2.70, - 0.62	141	22.91 ± 2.82	0.59	- 0.95, 1.67
	Moderate to severe^e	11	24.79 ± 3.85	0.02	- 3.86, - 0.28	39	24.13 ± 3.06	0.002	- 2.70, - 0.62	23	22.55 ± 3.66	0.59	- 0.95, 1.67
PSS-10	None to mild^d	184	21.20 ± 3.62	0.28	- 0.67, 2.30	148	21.41 ± 3.71	0.05	t - 0.01, 2.13	174	21.26 ± 3.69	0.16	- 0.37, 2.22
	Moderate to severe^e	26	20.38 ± 3.46	0.28	- 0.67, 2.30	62	20.35 ± 3.24	0.05	t - 0.01, 2.13	36	20.33 ± 3.09	0.16	- 0.37, 2.22
Exercise	None to mild^d	181	4.56 ± 3.20	0.31	- 2.08, 0.67	144	4.50 ± 3.00	0.36	- 1.44, 0.52	171	4.64 ± 3.45	0.98	- 1.19, 1.22
Moderate to severe^e	25	5.26 ± 3.77	0.31	0.31	- 2.08, 0.67	62	4.96 ± 3.86	0.36	- 1.44, 0.52	35	4.63 ± 2.30	0.98	- 1.19, 1.22
Sleep	None to mild^d	181	48.88 ± 7.89	0.06	- 0.8, 6.80	145	48.88 ± 7.36	0.34	- 1.48, 4.30	171	48.25 ± 8.63	0.44	- 4.23, 1.83
	Moderate to severe^e	26	45.52 ± 10.95	0.06	- 0.8, 6.80	62	47.47 ± 10.38	0.34	- 1.48, 4.30	36	49.44 ± 7.08	0.44	- 4.23, 1.83
Study	None to mild^d	178	20.63 ± 17.27	0.10	- 1.24, 13.30	141	22.92 ± 17.50	< 0.001	4.90, 14.97	168	21.21 ± 17.43	0.02	1.39, 13.94
	Moderate to severe^e	25	14.60 ± 17.24	0.10	- 1.24, 13.30	62	47.47 ± 10.38	< 0.001	4.90, 14.97	36	49.44 ± 7.08	0.02	1.39, 13.94
Study	None to mild^d	178	20.63 ± 17.27	0.10	- 1.24, 13.30	141	22.92 ± 17.50	< 0.001	4.90, 14.97	168	21.21 ± 17.43	0.02	1.39, 13.94
	Moderate to severe^e	25	14.60 ± 17.24	0.10	- 1.24, 13.30	62	12.98 ± 14.93	< 0.001	4.90, 14.97	35	13.54 ± 15.58	0.02	1.39, 13.94
Sit	None to mild^d	176	41.61 ± 21.36	0.28	- 4.08, 13.90	141	44.50 ± 20.75	< 0.001	5.57, 17.98	169	42.43 ± 21.34	0.03	1.01, 17.00
	Moderate to severe^e	24	36.70 ± 17.47	0.28	- 4.08, 13.90	59	32.73 ± 19.17	< 0.001	5.57, 17.98	31	33.42 ± 17.04	0.03	1.01, 17.00
Walk	None to mild^d	175	9.37 ± 7.48	0.02	- 7.11, - 0.62	140	8.86 ± 7.30	0.005	- 5.65, - 1.00	168	9.05 ± 7.43	0.14	- 5.17, 0.73
	Moderate to severe^e	25	13.24 ± 9.11	0.02	- 7.11, - 0.62	60	12.18 ± 8.43	0.005	- 5.65, - 1.00	32	11.72 ± 9.36	0.14	- 5.17, 0.73

^aBMI: Body Mass Index; PSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale-10; ^bCalculated by independent samples t-test; ^c95% Confidence interval of the difference of the means; ^dNone to mild was defined as VAS < 3 for neck and back pain, ODI < 9 for quality of life issues; ^eModerate to severe was defined as VAS ≥ 3 for neck and back pain, ODI ≥ 9 for quality of life issues.