Table 2b: Comparison of activities, BMI and stress between patients with severe and mild pain.

Neck pain Back pain Quality of life issues
Variablea No. students Mean P-valueb 95% CIc No. students Mean P-valueb 95% CIc No. students Mean P-valueb 95% CIc
BMI None to mildd 153 22.72 ± 2.83 0.02 - 3.86, - 0.28 125 22.46 ± 2.80 0.002 - 2.70, - 0.62 141 22.91 ± 2.82 0.59 - 0.95, 1.67
Moderate to severee 11 24.79 ± 3.85 39 24.13 ± 3.06 23 22.55 ± 3.66
PSS-10 None to mildd 184 21.20 ± 3.62 0.28 - 0.67, 2.30 148 21.41 ± 3.71 0.05 t - 0.01, 2.13 174 21.26 ± 3.69 0.16 - 0.37, 2.22
Moderate to severee 26 20.38 ± 3.46 62 20.35 ± 3.24 36 20.33 ± 3.09
Exercise None to mildd 181 4.56 ± 3.20 0.31 - 2.08, 0.67 144 4.50 ± 3.00 0.36 - 1.44, 0.52 171 4.64 ± 3.45 0.98 - 1.19, 1.22
Moderate to severee 25 5.26 ± 3.77 0.31 62 4.96 ± 3.86 35 4.63 ± 2.30
Sleep None to mildd 181 48.88 ± 7.89 0.06 - 0.8, 6.80 145 48.88 ± 7.36 0.34 - 1.48, 4.30 171 48.25 ± 8.63 0.44 - 4.23, 1.83
Moderate to severee 26 45.52 ± 10.95 62 47.47 ± 10.38 36 49.44 ± 7.08
Study None to mildd 178 20.63 ± 17.27 0.10 - 1.24, 13.30 141 22.92 ± 17.50 < 0.001 4.90, 14.97 168 21.21 ± 17.43 0.02 1.39, 13.94
Moderate to severee 25 14.60 ± 17.24 62 47.47 ± 10.38 36 49.44 ± 7.08
Study None to mildd 178 20.63 ± 17.27 0.10 - 1.24, 13.30 141 22.92 ± 17.50 < 0.001 4.90, 14.97 168 21.21 ± 17.43 0.02 1.39, 13.94
Moderate to severee 25 14.60 ± 17.24 62 12.98 ± 14.93 35 13.54 ± 15.58
Sit None to mildd 176 41.61 ± 21.36 0.28 - 4.08, 13.90 141 44.50 ± 20.75 < 0.001 5.57, 17.98 169 42.43 ± 21.34 0.03 1.01, 17.00
Moderate to severee 24 36.70 ± 17.47 59 32.73 ± 19.17 31 33.42 ± 17.04
Walk None to mildd 175 9.37 ± 7.48 0.02 - 7.11, - 0.62 140 8.86 ± 7.30 0.005 - 5.65, - 1.00 168 9.05 ± 7.43 0.14 - 5.17, 0.73
Moderate to severee 25 13.24 ± 9.11 60 12.18 ± 8.43 32 11.72 ± 9.36

aBMI: Body Mass Index; PSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale-10; bCalculated by independent samples t-test; c95% Confidence interval of the difference of the means; dNone to mild was defined as VAS < 3 for neck and back pain, ODI < 9 for quality of life issues; eModerate to severe was defined as VAS ≥ 3 for neck and back pain, ODI ≥ 9 for quality of life issues.