Table 3: Health system factors associated with BBA.

Variables BBA Hospital delivery Statistics
n % n %
Distance to health facility ≥ 10 km 41 82.0% 57 79.2% χ2 = 7.008
p = 0.006
< 10 km 9 18.0% 15 20.8%
Availability of transport Yes 18 36.0% 48 66.7% χ2 = 3.941
p = 0.019
No 32 64.0% 24 33.3%
Status of road Poor 39 78.0% 61 84.7% χ2 = 4.777
p = 0.007
Good 11 22.0% 11 15.3%
Time of delivery Night 37 74.0% 43 59.7% χ2 = 1.647
p = 0.012
Day 13 26.0% 29 40.3%
Cost of delivery Affordable 18 36.0% 30 41.7% χ2 = 4.600
p = 0.043
Costly 32 64.0% 42 58.3%
Antenatal clinic attendance Yes 11 22.0% 43 59.7% χ2 = 4.217
p = 0.011
No 39 78.0% 29 40.3%
Timing of Antenatal clinic attendance > 6 months 5 45.5% 21 48.8% χ2 = 8.080
p = 0.003
≤ 6 months 6 54.5% 22 51.2%
Number of Antenatal clinic visits < 4 times 9 81.8% 20 46.5% χ2 = 6.222 p = 0.009
≥ 4 times 2 18.2% 23 53.5%
Knowledge of signs and symptoms of labor Yes 18 36.0% 32 44.4% χ2 = 8.600
p = 0.021
No 32 64.0% 40 55.6%
Knowledge of expected date of delivery Yes 22 44.0% 22 30.6% χ2 = 6.399
p = 0.028
No 28 56.0% 50 69.4%
Identify health facility for delivery Yes 16 32.0% 37 51.4% χ2 = 3.468
p = 0.016
No 34 68.0% 35 48.6%
Identification of means transport Yes 13 26.0% 19 26.4% χ2 = 3.067
p = 0.028
No 37 74.0% 53 73.6%
Financially prepared for hospital delivery Yes 9 18.0% 55 76.4% χ2 = 9.241
p = 0.014
No 41 82.0% 17 23.6%
Basic supplies for birth Yes 10 20.0% 37 51.4% χ2 = 10.029
p = 0.010
No 40 80.0% 35 48.6%