Table 1: Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
Study ID |
State |
Type of study design |
Age of participants (in years) |
Ear morbidity assessment method |
Sample size (Total) |
Prevalence(n)
|
Overall prevalence (%) |
Prev. in Males (%) |
Prev. in Females (%) |
Prev. in Urban |
Prev. in Rural |
Hoy et al quality score Low risk 0-3 Moderate risk 4-6 High risk 7-9 |
Chadha, et al. [18] |
New Delhi |
Community based cross-sectional study in schools |
5-12
|
1. Head light 2. Otoscope 3. Hand held, Portable tympanoscope for tympanometry 4. hand held audio scope |
3000
|
652 |
21.73%
|
No association |
No association |
2.13% |
19.60% |
2 |
Siddartha, et al. [19] |
Karnataka |
Community based cross-sectional study in schools |
5-10 |
Clinical examination and tympanometry |
1020 |
46 |
4.5% |
43% |
57% |
No association |
No association |
4 |
Sophia, et al. [20] |
Tamil Nadu |
Community based cross-sectional study, case-control study design |
11months-7 |
Study questionnaire and tympanometry |
800 |
69 |
8.6% |
59.4% |
40.6% |
No association |
10.6% |
4 |
Chadha, et al. [16] |
New Delhi |
Community based cross-sectional study in schools |
5-12 |
Headlight and an Otoscope |
15718 |
4052 |
25.78% |
No association |
No association |
4.79% |
No association |
2 |
Bright, et al. (2014) |
Telangana |
Community based cross-sectional study |
0 - 3
|
Hearing screening with otoacoustic emissions. |
280
|
5 |
1.8% |
No association |
No association |
No association |
No association |
4 |
Kumar, et al. [21] |
Karnataka |
Community based cross-sectional study in schools |
4 - 14 |
Pure tone Audiometry |
1312
|
116 |
8.8% |
No association |
No association |
No association |
No association |
4 |
Chadha, et al. [2] |
New Delhi
|
Community based cross-sectional study, door to door survey |
18 days -15 |
Clinical examination, otoscopic examination and tympanometer |
3000 |
213 |
7.1% |
No association |
No association |
14.5% |
7% |
2 |
Chadha, et al. (2015) |
New Delhi |
Community based cross-sectional study, door to door survey |
0-15
|
1. Otoscopy 2. Impedance audiometry 3. Hearing Screening
|
4626
|
685 |
14.8%
|
No association |
No association |
91.2%
|
8.7% |
2 |