Table 1: Changes in breathing pattern and dyspnea.
Tidal Volume [ml] | Baseline (1st) Period | Intervention (2nd) Period | ||||
Interval (min) | 0-15 Mean (SD/SEM) | 15-30 Mean (SD/SEM) | 30-45 Mean (SD/SEM) | 0-15 Mean (SD/SEM) | 15-30 Mean (SD/SEM) | 30-45 Mean (SD/SEM) |
Fenoterol | 503 (183/42) | 482 (175/40) | 460 (152/35) | 505 (185/43) | 493 (195/45) | 461 (198/45) |
Oxitropium | 584 (234/54) | 531 (151/35) | 509 (158/36) | 560 (248/57) | 529 (232/53) | 529 (237/54) |
Placebo | 593 (235/54) | 568 (189/43) | 536 (172/40) | 596 (173/40) | 569 (173/40) | 527 (154/35) |
Respiratory Rate (per 5 min) | Baseline (1st) Period | Intervention (2nd) Period | ||||
Interval (min) | 0-15 Mean (SD/SEM) | 15-30 Mean (SD/SEM) | 30-45 Mean (SD/SEM) | 0-15 Mean (SD/SEM) | 15-30 Mean (SD/SEM) | 30-45 Mean (SD/SEM) |
Fenoterol | 89 (31/7) | 86 (31/7) | 89 (28/6) | 88 (30/7) | 88 (30/7) | 91 (27/6) |
Oxitropium | 90 (28/7) | 91 (29/7) | 89 (29/7) | 90 (31/7) | 89 (28/6) | 87 (27/6) |
Placebo | 89 (29/7) | 90 (28/6) | 88 (27/6) | 89 (28/6) | 90 (29/7) | 91 (26/6) |
Minute Volume [l] | Baseline (1st) Period | Intervention (2nd) Period | ||||
Interval (min) | 0-15 Mean (SD/SEM) | 15-30 Mean (SD/SEM) | 30-45 Mean (SD/SEM) | 0-15 Mean (SD/SEM) | 15-30 Mean (SD/SEM) | 30-45 Mean (SD/SEM) |
Fenoterol | 8.5 (3.6/0.8) | 7.8 (3.4/0.7) | 7.8 (2.9/0.7) | 8.8 (4.2/1.0) | 8.3 (3.4/0.8) | 8.4 (3.7/0.9) |
Oxitropium | 10.1 (4.2/1.0) | 9.5 (3.6/0.8) | 8.9 (3.6/0.8) | 9.5 (4.5/1.0) | 9.0 (4.1/1.0) | 8.8 (3.8/0.9) |
Placebo | 10.1 (4.0/0.9) | 10.1 (4.3/1.0) | 9.2 (3.5/0.8) | 10.3 (3.7/0.9) | 10.0 (3.9/0.9) | 9.5 (3.7/0.9) |
Fenoterol Visit | Mean | SD | Median | Maximum | Minimum | |
Borg Scale | 3.0 | 1.2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | |
VAS after Baseline Period | 6.1 | 19.3 | 0 | 83 | 0 | |
VAS after Intervention Period | 12.1 | 19.2 | 0 | 61 | -13 | |
Total VAS (both periods) | 18.2 | 25.4 | 12 | 83 | -13 | |
Oxitropium Visit | ||||||
Borg Scale | 2.9 | 0.9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | |
VAS after Baseline Period | 6.3 | 18.1 | 0 | 72 | 0 | |
VAS after Intervention Period | 11.1 | 19.4 | 0 | 64 | 0 | |
Total VAS (both periods) | 17.5 | 28.6 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
Placebo Visit | ||||||
Borg Scale | 2.8 | 0.9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | |
VAS after Baseline Period | 5.6 | 17.8 | 0 | 71 | -13 | |
VAS after Intervention Period | 4.1 | 18.7 | 0 | 47 | -33 | |
Total VAS (both periods) | 9.7 | 27.8 | 0 | 71 | -37 |
The upper part of the table shows mean values, standard deviations and standard errors of breathing frequency, tidal volume and minute volume in the three 15-min periods before and after administration of each of the three study medications. The lower part shows the statistical characteristics of the Borg scale, measured at the beginning of each visit and of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measured after the 45-minute baseline period and after the 45-minute intervention period, i.e. after medication. SD: Standard Deviation; SEM: Standard Error of the Mean; min: Minutes; l: Liter; ml: Milliliter; VAS: Visual Analog Scale.