Table 1: Literature on arterial injury following synthetic midurethral slings and embolization.

Case (*) Author Symptoms presented (hours/days) Presenting symptoms and signs Arterial injury Size of hematoma Blood transfusion Assessment Management Follow-up
1 Elard, et al. [5] Two days Anemia Inferior vesical artery - Yes CT, angiography Embolization Postoperative course uneventful
2 Zorn KC [6] Six hours Bradycardia Hypovolemia Obturatorartery 13.9 cm × 8.5 cm Yes 4 units of packed red blood cells Laparoscopic evaluation angiography Embolization(coils) Postoperativecourse uneventfulImprovement in stress incontinence
3 Takatera H, et al. [7] Three hours Lower abdominal pain, abdominal distension and nausea - 16 cm × 12 cm × 11 cm No CT, angiography Embolization (gel foam, coils) Postoperative course uneventful No surgical removal of hematoma
4 Jung, et al. [8] One hour Lower abdominal pain, abdominal distension and nausea. Bradycardia Internal pudendalartery 10 cm × 9 cm ×8 cm No CT, angiography Embolization(gel foam) Postoperative course uneventful Two years follow-up:
No stress urinary incontinence Mild urge incontinence
5 Huffaker RK [9] Two hours Hypotensive Anemia, Palpable suprapubic mass Obturatorartery + collaterals - Yes 2 units of packed red blood cells Angiography Embolization (coils +(gel foam) Discharge on day 2 with Foley catheter.
Feeling well one week postoperatively
6 Ku CH [10] - - - - - - - -
7 Krynytska I [11] Two hours Severe vulval pain Obturatorartery - Yes 2 units of packed red blood cells Angiography Embolization(coils) Subsequent evacuation of hematoma, general anaesthesia (Reduce pain, infection) Folley catheter removed on day 10 Tenderness up to six months
No stress urinary incontinence, bladder overactivity or voiding dysfunction
8 Ko JK [12] One day Perineal pain, Oozing from vagina Internal pudendalartery 7 cm Yes 4 units of packed red blood cells CT, angiography Embolization (coils + gel foam) Discharge on day 3. Vaginal spotting and pain on day 7, edematous and fragile tissue on anterior vaginal wall.
No significant bleeding. Wound completely healed at day 21. No further symptoms.
9 Cho EJ [13]Case A One day Abdominal pain Voiding difficulty Upper vaginal branch of iliac int. - Yes 2 units of packed red blood cells Laparotomy Angiography Removal of hematoma laparotomy Unknown bleeding focus Subsequent embolization(gel foam) Discharge on day 4 Presentation on day 12 with lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography-reduction of hematoma
Improvement of stress incontinence on three months follow up
Case B Perioperatively Lower abdominal pain Inferior epigastric artery 10 cm Yes 8 units of packed red blood cells CT, LaparotomyAngiography Removal of hematoma laparotomy Unknown bleeding focus Subsequent embolization (microcoil + gel foam) Discharge on day 5 Presentation on day 7 with lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed a size of residual hematoma of 7 cm.
On day 13, no further symptoms
Case C Intraoperatively Intraoperative bleeding from Incision in suburethra Anterior trunk of iliacartery Yes 8 units of packed red blood cells + 4 fresh frozen plasma Angiography Embolization (gel foam) Discharge and Folley catheter removed on day 7 without any complications.