Table 2: The energy and nutrients intake in children with CMPA and healthy controls in reference to polish nutritional standards 2012 [10].
| Energy and nutrients | Nutritional standards (EAR/AI#) | Energy and nutritional value of diets | Percent of children with energy/nutrients intake below EAR/AI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children with CMPA (n = 48) | Healthy controls (n = 30) | P valuec | Children with CMPA (n = 48) | Healthy controls (n = 30) | P valued | ||
| Energya [kcal] | 1400 | 1601.8 (340.2) | 1350.5 (360.0) | 0.003* | 29.2 | 50.0 | 0.06 |
| Proteina [g] | 16 | 46.6 (13.3) | 47.4 (14.9) | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Total fatb [g] | 54 | 50.7 (41.2-68.3) | 49.1 (35.6-57.9) | 0.2 | 56.3 | 53.7 | 0.9 |
| LC-PUFAb [mg] | 250# | 72.2 (26.2-196.2) | 36.9 (21.8-64.3) | 0.02* | 79.2 | 93.3 | 0.09 |
| Total carbohydratesa [g] | - | 243.8 (66.6) | 191.1 (53.9) | 0.0004* | - | - | - |
| Digestible carbohydratesa [g] | 100 | 227.9 (62.3) | 178.3 (50.2) | 0.0004* | 2.1 | 3.3 | 0.7 |
| Fiber [g]b | 14# | 15.6 (12.4-19.3) | 13.2 (9.2-16.6) | 0.03* | 37.8 | 60.0 | 0.052 |
| Percent of energy from protein [%]a | - | 11.8 (2.2) | 14.2 (2.4) | 0.0001* | - | - | - |
| Percent of energy from fat [%]b | - | 28.9 (24.7-36.7) | 30.3 (28.4-35.4) | 0.2 | - | - | - |
| Percent of energy from carbohydrates [%]b | - | 59.0 (51.3-63.5) | 55.7 (51.2-58.3) | 0.03* | - | - | - |
| Calciumb [mg] | 800 | 321.9 (229.7-505.5) | 408.6 (259.9-588.4) | 0.2 | 93.8 | 90.0 | 0.5 |
| Phosphorusb [mg] | 410 | 733.5 (589.5-827.8) | 781.8 (614.8-961.3) | 0.2 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 0.3 |
| Magnesiumb [mg] | 110 | 204.3 (168.3-246.4) | 191.0 (143.6-232.4) | 0.2 | 0.0 | 13.3 | 0.009* |
| Irona [mg] | 4 | 9.1 (2.4) | 7.2 (2.4) | 0.001* | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.02* |
| Zinca [mg] | 4 | 6.5 (1.7) | 5.9 (1.8) | 0.1 | 4.2 | 13.3 | 0.1 |
| Copperb [mg] | 0.3 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.046* | 0.0 | 6.7 | 0.07 |
| Iodineb [µg] | 65 | 79.1 (57.0-113.8) | 69.2 (42.4-92.1) | 0.03* | 27.1 | 50.0 | 0.04* |
| Sodiumb [mg] | 1000# | 1950.6 (1626.8-2751.5) | 1768.8 (1245.0-2399.0) | 0.057 | 2.1 | 13.3 | 0.04* |
| Potassiumb [mg] | 3100# | 2274.7 (1774.4-2758.6) | 2145.4 (1635.1-2450.8) | 0.1 | 83.3 | 96.7 | 0.07 |
| Vitamin Ab [µg] | 300 | 750.7 (560.9-1043.1) | 696.8 (533.8-1135.0) | 0.7 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.02* |
| Vitamin Ea [mg] | 6# | 10.3 (3.4) | 6.3 (3.3) | 0.000002* | 12.5 | 46.7 | 0.0008* |
| Vitamin B1b [mg] | 0.5 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 0.002* | 2.1 | 20.0 | 0.007* |
| Vitamin B2a [mg] | 0.5 | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.4 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 0.7 |
| Vitamin PPb [mg] | 6 | 11.9 (9.0-14.3) | 9.6 (6.3-11.0) | 0.002* | 2.1 | 23.3 | 0.003* |
| Vitamin B6b [mg] | 0.5 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | 0.02* | 0.0 | 6.7 | 0.07 |
| Vitamin B12b [µg] | 1 | 2.1 (1.4-2.7) | 2.1 (1.3-3.1) | 0.9 | 14.6 | 16.7 | 0.8 |
| Vitamin Cb [mg] | 40 | 81.6 (65.1-116.3) | 67.5 (42.8-102.6) | 0.09 | 10.4 | 20.0 | 0.2 |
| Vitamin Db [µg] | 10 | 3.7 (2.1-6.3) | 1.7 (0.9-2.3) | 0.00001* | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.9 |
| Folateb [µg] | 160 | 178.3 (135.8-228.3) | 172.0 (131.1-222.3) | 0.5 | 37.5 | 46.7 | 0.4 |
*Statistically significant differences, p < 0.05; aNormally distributed variables; energy and nutrients intake presented as means and standard deviations; bNon-normally distributed variables; energy and nutrients intake presented as medians and interquartile ranges (1-3 quartile); cp value for t Student test/U Mann-Whitney test according to variable distribution (normal/non-normal); dp value for Chi2 test; EAR: Estimated Average Requirement; AI#: Adequate Intake; LC-PUFA: Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.