Table 3: Estimation methods for meta-analysis.

Estimator

Abbreviation

Iterative/Non-iterative

Method of Moment Estimator

DerSimonian and Laird

DL

Non-iterative

Hedges and Olkin

HO

Non-iterative

Paule and Mandel

PM

Iterative

Maximum Likelihood Estimators

Restricted Maximum Likelihood

REML

Iterative

Maximum Likelihood

ML

Iterative

Model Error Variance Estimator

Sidik and Jonkman

SJ

Non-iterative