Table 4: Chi-square test (independent variable, IV): type of atrial fibrillation (parox/pers), Vitamin-K antagonists versus non-vitamin K antagonists, rhythm at TEE, hypertension; dependent variable: spontaneous echo contrast (SEC).

IV Chi square test iv Strength of association
Type of atrial fibrillation X2type of AF (1, N = 540) = 47.94, p < 0.001** Φ = 0.30 (9%)
OAC vs. NOAC X2OAK vs NOAK (1, N = 540) = 5.32, p = 0.021* Φ = 0.13 (2%)
Rhythm at TEE X2rhythm at TEE (1, N = 541) = 41.52, p < 0.001** Φ = 0.28 (8%)
Hypertension X2HT (1, N = 538) = 10.36, p < 0.001** Φ = 0.14 (2%)

Note: * = Significant and ** = Highly significant.