List of some important studies of NMR-based metabolomics profiling and identified metabolites and related significant patterns in blood and urine samples in PCa patients as compared to BPH and healthy controls.

Table 1: List of some important studies of NMR-based metabolomics profiling and identified metabolites and related significant patterns in blood and urine samples in PCa patients as compared to BPH and healthy controls.

Samples	Subjects (Comparison)	Altered metabolites	References
Blood	PCa vs. BPH vs. healthy controls	Alanine, glycine, sarcosine, citrate, and creatinine	[8]
Blood	PCa patient vs. BPH	Acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, and arginine	[9]
Blood	PCa patients vs. BPH	Glutamate and formate	[10]
Blood	PCa Patient low-grade (LG and HG) vs. healthy controls	Alanine, pyruvate, glycine, and sarcosine	[11]
Urine	PCa patients vs. BPH	Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glutamate, glycine, pseudouridine, dimethylglycine, 4-imidazole-acetate and fumarate	[12]
Urine	PCa patients vs. non-cancerous (control group)	Lactate, alanine glycine guanidinoacetate and phenylacetylglycine	[13]
Urine	PCa patients vs. BPH	Glycerol, acetone, levulinic acid, saccharic acid, alpha hydroxybutyric acid, and hippuric acid	[14]

BCAA: Branched-Chain Amino Acids; PCa: Prostate Cancer; BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia