Table 1: Characteristics of ethnic groups of women with gestational diabetes.

Asia/Pacific Islands (N=14) Latin America (N=71) Africa (N=43) Europe (N=1,948) P value
Age 34 ± 5 32 ± 5 34 ± 4 33 ± 4 0.055
Family history of GDM or type 2 diabetes 33.3 58.0 31.4 59.0 < 0.001
GDM in a previous pregnancy 5.6 6.2 15.7 11.8 0.276
Gestational age at GDM diagnosis 28 ± 5 26 ± 4 26 ± 5 27 ± 5 0.598
GDM 100g-OGTT fasting glycemia (mg/dl) 104.6 ± 29.9 93.6 ± 16.6 100.2 ± 15.6 89.2 ± 13.6 < 0.001
GDM 100g-OGTT area under the curve (mg/dl·min-1) 553.1 ± 114.5 520.0 ± 58.5 526.5 ± 57.7 511.2 ± 50.7 0.001
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) 21.7 ± 3.1 26.5 ± 5.8 28.1 ± 5.6 24.6 ± 4.6 < 0.001
Prepregnancy overweight or obese (BMI ≥25) 18.8 55.8 73.3 37.1 < 0.001
Prepregnancy obesity (BMI ≥30) 0.0 21.2 27.7 11.6 < 0.001
Excessive gestational weight gain 12.5 23.4 28.9 13.0 0.001
Postpartum BMI (kg/m2) 24.7 ± 4.8 28.9 ± 5.8 28.9 ± 5.7 25.5 ± 4.6 < 0.001
Post-partum overweight (BMI ≥25) 50.0 75.9 84.6 47.7 < 0.001
Post-partum obesity (BMI ≥30) 12.5 44.8 30.8 15.3 < 0.001


GDM: gestational diabetes; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; BMI: body mass index