Table 3: Serum and urine urea, creatinine and albumin concentrations following the different treatment with A. africanus aqueous extract (EAA) and metformin in diabetic rats.
|
Neg. Control |
Nor. Control |
Pos. Control |
EAA 250 mg/kg |
EAA 500 mg/kg |
EAA 1000 mg/kg |
||
|
Urine Urea (mg/dL) |
11.33 ± 0.97
|
16.46 ± 1.40 (p < 0.0001) |
19.29 ± 1.72**a (p < 0.0001) |
15.63 ± 1.63bA (P = 0.0004) |
16.72 ± 0.89aA (p < 0.0001) |
18.25 ± 1.05aA (p < 0.0001) |
F (5, 24) = 21.96 P < 0.0001 |
|
BUN (mg/dL) |
12.51 ± 1.39 |
6.85 ± 1.70 (p = 0.0005) |
7.80 ± 1.51a (p < 0.0001) |
6.24 ± 1.22aA (p < 0.0001) |
5.29 ± 1.11aA (p < 0.0001) |
5.16 ± 1.83aA (p < 0.0001) |
F (5, 24) = 16.96 P < 0.0001 |
|
Urine creatinine (mg/dL) |
1.60 ± 0.65 |
15.62 ± 5.93 (p < 0.0001) |
6.50 ± 1.58**a (p = 0.214) |
7.60 ± 2.41**aA (p = 0.0787) |
8.10 ± 3.21**aA (p = 0.0475) |
10.20 ± 3.33aA (p = 0.0046) |
F (5, 24) = 9.736 P < 0.0001 |
|
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) |
6.10 ± 2.51
|
0.90 ± 0.89 (p = 0.0014) |
1.10 ± 0.89a (p = 0.0022) |
3.80 ± 3.03aA (p = 0.3513) |
0.90 ± 0.89aA (p = 0.0014) |
0.80 ± 1.09aA (p = 0.0011) |
F (5, 24) = 7.631 P = 0.0002 |
|
Serum Albumin (g/dL) |
1.82 ± 0.70 |
4.25 ± 0.12 (P < 0.0001) |
3.91 ± 0.29a (p < 0.0001) |
3.91 ± 0.29aA (p < 0.0001) |
3.90 ± 0.21aA (p < 0.0001) |
4.26 ± 0.19aA (p < 0.0001) |
F (5, 24) = 37.24 P < 0.0001 |
|
urine Albumin (g/dL) |
0.27 ± 0.08
|
0.14 ± 0.02 (p = 0.0003) |
0.10 ± 0.02 (p < 0.0001) |
0.13 ± 0.02 (p = 0.0002) |
0.14 ± 0.02 (p = 0.0006) |
0.15 ± 0.02 (p = 0.0007) |
F (5, 24) = 10.74 P < 0.0001 |
The P values indicate the difference compared to the Neg. control. The asterisks indicate the difference between normal control vs Pos. control or EAA (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg). Lower cases letters of the alphabet indicate the comparison between Pos. control vs. EAA (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg). Upper cases letters of the alphabet indicate the difference between the three doses of the extract (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg). Same letters indicate insignificant difference.