Variable

Overall (n = 235)

Non-Sarcopenia (n = 179)

Sarcopenia (n = 56)

P value*

Diabetes Duration (years)

19.04 ± 8.25

18.20 ± 7.95

21.75 ± 8.65

0.005

HbA1c (%)

7.46 ± 1.22

7.45 ± 1.27

7.52 ± 1.04

0.699

MUST Score

No malnutrition

221 (94%)

172 (96.1%)

49 (87.5%)

Risk of malnutrition

14 (6%)

7 (3.9%)

7 (12.5%)

0.018

Biochemistry

LDL-C (mg/dl)

80.94 ± 32.70

81.03 ± 33.64

80.68 ± 29.82

0.945

HDL-C (mg/dl)

51.99 ± 12.78

51.55 ± 12.18

53.41 ± 14.77

0.346

Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)

156.61 ± 40.02

156.32 ± 40.47

157.54 ± 38.87

0.843

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

112 (83.0-148.5)

112 (83.0-147.5)

116 (86.5-152.5)

0.959

Creatinine Urine

65.9 (39.95-99.05)

67.3 (41.95-102.05)

51.45 (32.1-83.25)

0.038

Microalbumin/Creatinine ratio

12 (5.95-31.6)

11.3 (5.7-27.25)

16.8 (5.95-42.9)

0.316

Vitamin D (ng/mL)

40.64 ± 12.82

39.43 ± 13.20

44.49 ± 10.72

0.010

Diabetes Complications/Comorbidities

Retinopathy

Absence of Retinopathy

168 (71.5%)

126 (70.4%)

42 (75.0%)

Presence of Retinopathy

67 (28.5%)

53 (29.6%)

14 (25.0%)

0.505

Neuropathy

Absence of Neuropathy

201 (85.5%)

156 (87.2%)

45 (80.4%)

Presence of Neuropathy

34 (14.5%)

23 (12.8%)

11 (19.6%)

0.207

Nephropathy

Absence of Nephropathy

198 (84.3%)

151 (84.4%)

47 (83.9%)

Presence of Nephropathy

37 (15.7%)

28 (15.6%)

9(16.1%)

0.939

Urine Albumin

Normoalbuminuria

178 (76.4%)

136 (76.8%)

42 (75.0%)

Microalbuminuria

52 (22.3%)

38 (21.5%)

14 (25.0%)

Macroalbuminuria

3 (1.3%)

3 (1.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0.547

Hypertension

Absence of hypertension

69 (29.4%)

51 (28.5%)

18 (32.1%)

Presence of hypertension

166 (70.6%)

128 (71.5%)

38 (67.9%)

0.601

Dyslipidemia

Absence of dyslipidemia

6 (2.6%)

6 (3.4%)

0 (0.0%)

Presence of dyslipidemia

229 (97.4%)

173 (96.6%)

56 (100.0%)

0.165

CVD

Absence of CVD

216 (91.9%)

163 (91.1%)

53 (94.6%)

Presence of CVD

19 (8.1%)

16 (8.9%)

3 (5.4%)

0.391

Glucose-lowering therapies

GLP-1

Not taking

128 (54.5%)

94 (52.5%)

34 (60.7%)

Taking

107 (45.5%)

85 (47.5%)

22 (39.3%)

0.282

Insulin

Not taking

168 (71.5%)

124 (69.3%)

44 (78.6%)

Taking

67 (28.5%)

55 (30.7%)

12 (21.4%)

0.179

Bariatric Surgery

No

231 (98.3%)

175 (97.8%)

56 (100.0%)

Yes

4 (1.7%)

4 (2.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0.259

Sulfonylureas

Not taking

141 (60.0%)

115 (64.2%)

26 (46.4%)

Taking

94 (40.0%)

64 (35.8%)

30 (53.6%)

0.018

Biguanides

Not taking

22 (9.4%)

17 (9.5%)

5 (8.9%)

Taking

213 (90.6%)

162 (90.5%)

51 (91.1%)

0.899

TZD

Not taking

216 (92.3%)

168 (93.9%)

48 (87.3%)

Taking

18 (7.7%)

11 (6.1%)

7 (12.7%)

0.109

SGLT-2

Not taking

33 (14.0%)

26 (14.5%)

7 (12.5%)

Taking

202 (86.0%)

153 (85.5%)

49 (87.5%)

0.703

Meglitinides

Not taking

225 (95.7%)

173 (96.6%)

52 (92.9%)

Taking

10 (4.3%)

6 (3.4%)

4 (7.1%)

0.220

DPP4

Not taking

149 (63.4%)

118 (65.9%)

31 (55.4%)

Taking

86 (36.6%)

61 (34.1%)

25 (44.6%)

0.152

AGIs

Not taking

231 (98.3%)

176 (98.3%)

55 (98.2%)

Taking

4 (1.7%)

3 (1.7%)

1 (1.8%)

0.956