Table 1: Lifestyle Intervention Studies
Study |
Features and duration |
Intervention |
Objective |
Primary Outcome |
Reduction in Incidence of diabetes |
577
Subjects identified to have IGT using
the WHO Criteria 20
yrs. with first analysis at 6 years |
The subjects were randomised into 4 groups ·
Control ·
Diet
only ·
Exercise
only ·
Diet
and exercise Those with BMI >
25 Kg/m2 to reduce calorie intake to lose weight to goal of BMI
< 23 Kg/m2. Those with BMI <
25 Kg/m2, to eat more vegetables, limit sugar and alcohol. |
To study whether diet
and exercise interventions delayed the onset of NIDDM in an IGT population |
Group-based lifestyle
interventions over 6 years can prevent or delay diabetes for up to 14 years
after the active intervention |
Diet
only group:33% (P
< 0.03) exercise-only
group 47% (P
< 0.0005) 38%
in the diet-plus-exercise group |
|
IDDP [12] |
531 subjects
identified to have IGT using the WHO Criteria 3 years |
The subjects were randomised into 4 groups ·
Control ·
Life
Style Modifications ·
Metformin
only ·
Life
Style Modifications and Metformin |
To study whether the
progression of IGT to diabetes could be delayed in Indian population. The
study population was younger leaner and more insulin resistant than the
population studied in the Chinese, Finnish and the American population in
whom the interventions were a success. |
It is possible to
prevent diabetes in native Asian Indian subjects with IGT using lifestyle
modification, despite their relatively low BMI and highly insulin-resistant
characteristics |
Relative
Risk Reduction in incidence of diabetes as compared to control: LSM:
28.5% Metformin:
26.4% LSM +
Metformin: 28.2% |
FDPS [10] |
522 overweight
subjects with IGT using the WHO criteria 3.2 years |
The
subjects were randomised into 2 groups Control
Lifestyle
Goal was of weight loss > 5%, decreased SFA intake, fibre intake of >
15 g/1000 kcal and > 30 min/day of moderate PA. |
Whether
type 2 diabetes can be prevented by interventions that affect the lifestyles
of subjects at high risk for the disease |
Primary
prevention of type 2 diabetes by a non-pharmacologic intervention which can
be implemented in a primary health care setting. |
The
overall incidence of diabetes was reduced by 58% |
Swedish Malmo
feasibility Study [13]
|
41 subjects with
early type 2 diabetes and 181 subjects with IGT 6 years |
The
subjects were randomised into 2 groups Control
Life
Style Modification |
To test
the feasibility aspect of long-term intervention with an emphasis on
life-style changes. |
Improvement in
glucose tolerance was correlated to weight reduction and increased fitness |
Incidence
of diabetes: Reference
group: 29% Intervention
group: 11% The
incidence in the intervention group was less than half that of the other
group. |
Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index, PA: Physical
Activity, SFA: Saturated Fatty Acids