Table 1: Baseline
characteristics in the overall study sample and according to treatment group.
|
Variablea |
Control
group |
Study
group |
p |
|
Demographics |
|
|
|
|
n |
87 |
136 |
|
|
Age |
68.5 ± 14.9 |
73.8 ± 9.6 |
< 0.01 |
|
Male sex |
60 (69%) |
92 (67.6%) |
|
|
Weight |
85.8 ± 17.3 |
91.4 ± 20.9 |
|
|
Body mass index |
29.9 ± 5.6 |
32.2 ± 6.6 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obesity (BMI > 30) |
67 (77%) |
64 (47%) |
|
|
Metabolic
variables |
|
|
|
|
Diabetes type 1 |
4 (4.6%) |
3 (2.2%) |
|
|
Diabetes type 2 |
83 (95.4%) |
133 (97.8%) |
|
|
Time since diabetes diagnosis (years) |
14.9 ± 11.2 |
16 ± 11.3 |
|
|
Admission HbA1c (%) |
7.9 ± 1.6 |
7.8 ± 1.4 |
|
|
Initial blood glucose level (mmol/L) |
12 ± 5.9 |
10.8 ± 4.2 |
|
|
Medication
on admission |
|
|
|
|
Metformin |
37 (42.5%) |
44 (32.4%) |
|
|
Sulfonylurea |
18 (20.7%) |
21 (15.4%) |
|
|
Other oral antidiabetic
agents |
13 (14.9%) |
43 (31.6%) |
|
|
Insulin |
26 (29.9%) |
49 (36%) |
|
|
Total daily insulin dose (U) |
29.1 ± 19.3 |
11.3 ± 19.2 |
|
|
Hospital
variables |
|
|
|
|
Cause
of hospitalisation |
|
|
|
|
LRTI |
44 (50.6%) |
28 (20.6%) |
|
|
Acute cardiac condition |
43 (49.4%) |
108 (79.4%) |
|
|
Medication
in hospital |
|
|
|
|
Steroid treatment |
15 (17.2%) |
20 (14.7%) |
|
|
Metformin |
39 (44.8%) |
32 (23.5%) |
|
|
Sulfonylurea |
27 (31%) |
10 (7.4%) |
|
|
Other oral antidiabetic
agents |
12 (13.8%) |
48 (35.3%) |
|
BMI: body-mass index; LRTI: lower respiratory tract
infection; SD: standard deviation
Significant
p-values are shown.
Variables
are expressed as number (percentage) in study sample or group or as mean [±
SD].