Table 1: Baseline characteristics by quartiles of heart rate recovery.
| Variable | All Subjects (N = 411) | HRR First Quartile (n = 96) | HRR Second Quartile (n = 93) | HRR Third Quartile(n = 108) | HRR Fourth Quartile(n = 114) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 45 ± 10 | 47 ± 10 | 45 ± 10 | 46 ± 10 | 43 ± 11 | 0.0923 |
| Male Gender (%) | 65 | 62 | 71 | 69 | 61 | 0.2710 |
| Heart Rate Recovery (bpm) | 22 ± 8 | 13 ± 3 | 18 ± 1 | 23 ± 1 | 31 ± 5 | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes Duration (years) | 8 ± 7 | 9 ± 7 | 9 ± 7 | 8 ± 6 | 8 ± 7 | 0.4299 |
| Diabetes Type(Type 2%) | 91 | 90 | 92 | 93 | 86 | 0.2996 |
| HbA1c % (mmol/mol) | 7.3 ± 1.6 (56) |
7.7 ± 1.8 (61) |
7.4 ± 1.5 (57) |
7.2 ± 1.5 (55) |
7.2 ± 1.8 (55) |
0.0082 |
| METS | 7.9 ± 2 | 6.5 ± 2 | 7.7 ± 2 | 8.6 ± 2 | 8.6 ± 2 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI | 31 ± 6 | 33 ± 6 | 32 ± 5 | 30 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 44 | 64 | 45 | 39 | 32 | < 0.0001 |
| Beta Blocker Use (%) | 5 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0.0026 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 84 | 83 | 86 | 87 | 79 | 0.2921 |
Heart Rate Recovery first quartile < 17 bpm, second quartile ≥ 17 and < 21 bpm, third quartile ≥ 21 and < 26 and fourth quartile ≥ 26.