Table 1: Cutaneous manifestation frequency by ethnicity.

 

Caucasian

(n = 606)

Mestizo

(n = 645)

African/Latin American

(n = 186)

Others

(n = 43)

p

Malar Erythema, n (%)

402 (62.2)

422  (65.4)

111 (59.7)

27 (62.8)

0.402

Alopecia, n (%)

362 (59.8)

431 (66.8)

119 (64.0)

31 (72.1)

0.043

Photosensitivity, n (%)

377 (62.2)

366 (56.7)

110 (59.1)

27 (62.8)

0.253

Mucocutaneous Ulcers, n (%)

263 (43.4)

303 (47.0)

75 (40.3)

21 (48.8)

0.320

Raynaud’s Phenomenon, n (%)

208 (34.3)

194 (30.1)

51 (27.4)

15 (34.9)

0.213

Discoid Rash, n (%)

80 (13.2)

73 (11.3)

37 (19.9)

2 (4.7)

0.007

Livedo Reticularis, n (%)

75 (12.4)

84 (13.0)

18 (9.7)

7 (16.3)

0.554

Diffuse Erythema, n (%)

59 (9.7)

40 (6.2)

10 (5.4)

3 (7.0)

0.069

Subacute Cutaneous Lupus, n (%)

28 (4.6)

21 (3.3)

10 (5.4)

3 (7.0)

0.367

Panniculitis, n (%)

9 (1.5)

10 (1.6)

4 (2.2)

2 (4.7)

0.434

Bullous Systemic Lupus, n (%)

2 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

2 (1.1)

0

0.480