Table 2: Bivariate analysis in ankle Charcot patients that underwent reconstruction comparing patients with and without intact plantar calcaneal cortices.
|
Intact Plantar Calcaneal Cortices (n=54) |
Fractured Plantar Calcaneal Cortices (n=26) |
P-value |
Preoperative Factors |
|
||
Age |
54.0 ± 13.8 (45 - 62) |
53.9 ± 8.8 (45.2 - 61) |
0.9619 |
Body Mass Index |
34.9 ± 9.0 (27.6 - 42) |
37.6 ± 9.3 (31.2 - 39.6) |
0.2479 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c |
8.0 ± 2.3 (6.3 - 9.0) |
7.4 ± 2.4 (6 - 8.2) |
0.2028 |
Diabetes |
92.6% (50/54) |
92.3% (24/26) |
1.0000 |
Hypertension |
74.1% (40/54) |
76.9% (20/26) |
0.8872 |
Gender Male / Female |
42.6% (23/54) 57.4% (31/54) |
50% (13/26) 50% (13/26) |
0.5328 |
Renal disease Chronic kidney disease End stage renal disease |
37.0% (20/54) 20.4% (11/54) 16.7% (9/54) |
34.6% (9/26) 15.4% (4/26) 19.2% (5/26) |
0.8329 0.7628 0.8056 |
Peripheral arterial disease |
27.8% (15/54) |
30.8% (8/26) |
0.8206 |
Smoker / smoking history |
14.8% (8/54) |
7.7% (2/26) |
0.4836 |
Intraoperative Factors: Type of Reconstruction |
|
||
Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis |
35.2% (19/54) |
46.2% (12/26) |
0.3456 |
Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis (talectomy) |
18.5% (10/54) |
15.4% (4/26) |
1.0000 |
Ankle arthrodesis |
25.9% (14/54) |
11.5% (3/26) |
0.1406 |
Pantalar arthrodesis |
20.4% (11/54) |
26.9% (7/26) |
0.5109 |
Intraoperative Factors: Fixation |
|
||
Hybrid Construct |
22.2% (12/54) |
34.6% (9/26) |
0.2380 |
External fixation |
64.8% (35/54) |
84.6% (22/26) |
0.0668 |
Internal fixation |
55.6% (30/54) |
50% (13/26) |
0.6407 |
Solely internal fixation |
33.3% (18/54) |
15.4% (4/26) |
0.1138 |
Solely external fixation |
44.4% (24/54) |
50% (13/26) |
0.6407 |
Intramedullary nail |
44.4% (24/54) |
38.5% (10/26) |
0.6121 |
Screws/plate |
25.9% (14/54) |
19.2% (5/26) |
0.5098 |
Bone graft |
27.8% (15/54) |
46.2% (12/26) |
0.1035 |
Postoperative Outcomes |
|
||
Osteomyelitis |
29.6% (16/54) |
23.1% (6/26) |
0.5076 |
Surgical site dehiscence |
9.3% (5/54) |
11.5% (3/26) |
1.0000 |
Surgical site infection |
29.6% (16/54) |
23.1% (6/26) |
0.5076 |
Charcot recurrence |
5.6% (3/54) |
0% (0/26) |
0.5469 |
New Charcot collapse |
0% (0/54) |
3.8% (1/26) |
0.3291 |
Loss of correction / recurrent dislocation |
5.6% (3/54) |
0% (0/26) |
0.5469 |
Malunion |
3.7% (2/54) |
7.7% (2/26) |
0.5946 |
Non-union |
7.4% (4/54) |
7.7% (2/26) |
1.0000 |
Tibial fracture |
1.9% (1/54) |
0% (0/26) |
1.0000 |
Revision fusion |
16.7% (9/54) |
0% (0/26) |
0.0264 |
Time to revisional surgery |
415.9 ± 294.2 (147 - 568) |
n/a |
|
Time to external fixation removal |
106.9 ± 48.6 (84 - 119) |
101.8 ± 34 (83.5 - 115.5) |
0.9189 |
Wound healed |
48.1% (26/54) |
46.2% (12/26) |
0.9612 |
Time to wound healing |
453.5 ± 570.3 (97 – 5) |
475.5 ± 792.2 (30 - 385) |
0.5253 |
Recurrent ulceration |
9.3% (5/54) |
15.4% (4/26) |
0.4666 |
New ulceration |
14.8% (8/54) |
11.5% (3/26) |
1.0000 |
Major lower extremity amputation Below the knee amputation Above the knee amputation |
20.4% (11/54)
20.4% (11/54) 0% (0/54) |
23.1% (6/26)
19.2% (5/26) 3.8% (1/26) |
0.8134
1.0000 0.3291 |
Deceased |
26)9.3% (5/54) |
0% (0/26) |
0.1587 |
Time to death |
459.4 ± 512.5 (167 - 648) |
n/a |
|
Postoperative: Hardware Complications |
|
||
Hardware failure |
18.5% (10/54) |
15.4% (4/26) |
1.0000 |
Broken hardware |
14.8% (8/54) |
11.5% (3/26) |
1.0000 |
Removal of internal hardware (screws / plates) |
9.3% (5/54) |
0% (0/26) |
0.1679 |
Removal of intramedullary nail |
7.4% (4/54) |
3.8% (1/26) |
1.0000 |
External fixator pin tract infection |
5.6% (3/54) |
15.4% (4/26) |
0.4054 |
External fixator removed early |
7.4% (4/54) |
7.7% (2/26) |
1.0000 |
External fixator removed early secondary to infection |
9.3% (5/54) |
3.8% (1/26) |
0.6580 |
External fixator removed early secondary to hardware failure |
1.9% (1/54) |
3.8% (1/26) |
0.5472 |