Intact Plantar Calcaneal Cortices (n=54)

Fractured

Plantar Calcaneal Cortices (n=26)

P-value

Preoperative Factors

Age

54.0 ± 13.8 (45 - 62)

53.9 ± 8.8 (45.2 - 61)

0.9619

Body Mass Index

34.9 ± 9.0 (27.6 - 42)

37.6 ± 9.3 (31.2 - 39.6)

0.2479

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c

8.0 ± 2.3 (6.3 - 9.0)

7.4 ± 2.4 (6 - 8.2)

0.2028

Diabetes

92.6%  (50/54)

92.3%  (24/26)

1.0000

Hypertension

74.1%  (40/54)

76.9%  (20/26)

0.8872

Gender Male / Female

42.6%  (23/54)

57.4%  (31/54)

50%  (13/26)

50%  (13/26)

0.5328

Renal disease

Chronic kidney disease

End stage renal disease

37.0%  (20/54)

20.4%  (11/54)

16.7%  (9/54)

34.6%  (9/26)

15.4%  (4/26)

19.2%  (5/26)

0.8329

0.7628

0.8056

Peripheral arterial disease

27.8%  (15/54)

30.8%  (8/26)

0.8206

Smoker / smoking history

14.8%  (8/54)

7.7%  (2/26)

0.4836

Intraoperative Factors: Type of Reconstruction

Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis

35.2%  (19/54)

46.2%  (12/26)

0.3456

Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis (talectomy)

18.5%  (10/54)

15.4%  (4/26)

1.0000

Ankle arthrodesis

25.9%  (14/54)

11.5%  (3/26)

0.1406

Pantalar arthrodesis

20.4%  (11/54)

26.9%  (7/26)

0.5109

Intraoperative Factors: Fixation

Hybrid Construct

22.2%  (12/54)

34.6%  (9/26)

0.2380

External fixation

64.8%  (35/54)

84.6%  (22/26)

0.0668

Internal fixation

55.6%  (30/54)

50%  (13/26)

0.6407

Solely internal fixation

33.3%  (18/54)

15.4%  (4/26)

0.1138

Solely external fixation

44.4%  (24/54)

50%  (13/26)

0.6407

Intramedullary nail

44.4%  (24/54)

38.5%  (10/26)

0.6121

Screws/plate

25.9%  (14/54)

19.2%  (5/26)

0.5098

Bone graft

27.8%  (15/54)

46.2%  (12/26)

0.1035

Postoperative Outcomes

Osteomyelitis

29.6%  (16/54)

23.1%  (6/26)

0.5076

Surgical site dehiscence

9.3%  (5/54)

11.5%  (3/26)

1.0000

Surgical site infection

29.6%  (16/54)

23.1%  (6/26)

0.5076

Charcot recurrence

5.6%  (3/54)

0%  (0/26)

0.5469

New Charcot collapse

0%  (0/54)

3.8%  (1/26)

0.3291

Loss of correction / recurrent dislocation

5.6%  (3/54)

0%  (0/26)

0.5469

Malunion

3.7%  (2/54)

7.7%  (2/26)

0.5946

Non-union

7.4% (4/54)

7.7% (2/26)

1.0000

Tibial fracture

1.9% (1/54)

0% (0/26)

1.0000

Revision fusion

16.7% (9/54)

0% (0/26)

0.0264

Time to revisional surgery

415.9 ± 294.2 (147 - 568)

n/a

Time to external fixation removal

106.9 ± 48.6 (84 - 119)

101.8 ± 34 (83.5 - 115.5)

0.9189

Wound healed

48.1%  (26/54)

46.2%  (12/26)

0.9612

Time to wound healing

453.5 ± 570.3 (97 – 5)

475.5 ± 792.2 (30 - 385)

0.5253

Recurrent ulceration

9.3%  (5/54)

15.4%  (4/26)

0.4666

New ulceration

14.8%  (8/54)

11.5%  (3/26)

1.0000

Major lower extremity amputation

Below the knee amputation

Above the knee amputation

20.4%  (11/54)

20.4%  (11/54)

0%  (0/54)

23.1%  (6/26)

19.2%  (5/26)

3.8%  (1/26)

0.8134

1.0000

0.3291

Deceased

26)9.3%  (5/54)

0%  (0/26)

0.1587

Time to death

459.4 ± 512.5 (167 - 648)

n/a

Postoperative: Hardware Complications

Hardware failure

18.5%  (10/54)

15.4%  (4/26)

1.0000

Broken hardware

14.8%  (8/54)

11.5% (3/26)

1.0000

Removal of internal hardware (screws / plates)

9.3%  (5/54)

0%  (0/26)

0.1679

Removal of intramedullary nail

7.4%  (4/54)

3.8%  (1/26)

1.0000

External fixator pin tract infection

5.6%  (3/54)

15.4%  (4/26)

0.4054

External fixator removed early

7.4%  (4/54)

7.7%  (2/26)

1.0000

External fixator removed early secondary to infection

9.3%  (5/54)

3.8%  (1/26)

0.6580

External fixator removed early secondary to hardware failure

1.9% (1/54)

3.8% (1/26)

0.5472